Unveiling the exceptional evolution of solute aggregates: From micro to trace, solution to interface

Existential state of solutes substantially affects the efficiency and direction of various chemical and biological processes, about which current consensus is still limited at macro and micro levels. At the trace level, solutes assume a pivotal role across a spectrum of critical fields. However, their existential states, especially at interfaces, remain largely elusive. Herein, an exceptional evolution of solute molecules is unveiled from micro to trace, solution to interface, with the aid of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, extinction, DLS and theoretical simulations. Given predominant existence of monomers within the solution, these aggregates dominate the interfacial behavior of solute molecules. Moreover, a universal, aggregate-controlled mechanism is demonstrated that aggregates triggered by cosolvent, which can dramatically promote efficiency of catalytic reactions. The results provide novel insights into the interaction mechanisms between reactants and catalysts, potentially offering fresh perspectives for the manipulation of multiphase catalysis and related biological processes.