大型水坝对亚马逊洪泛平原鸟类群落的影响

IF 1.8 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY
Biotropica Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI:10.1111/btp.13351
Gustavo de Melo Martins, Juliana Menger, Tomaz Nascimento de Melo, Camila Cherem Ribas
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引用次数: 0

摘要

亚马逊河冲积平原维持着不同种类的季节性洪水栖息地及其特殊生物群。河流的泥沙量和地貌决定了植被的形态和特殊类群的出现。水电站大坝破坏了每年的洪水周期,影响了洪泛平原栖息地和相关的鸟类。我们的目标是了解大型水坝造成的永久性洪水如何影响亚马逊河中两个具有不同特征的鸟类群落的分类、功能和系统发育多样性。我们在 35 个地点进行了采样,包括未受干扰的地点和分别自 2012 年和 2016 年以来受马德拉河和新古河上运行的大型水坝造成的永久性洪水影响的地点。我们通过被动声学监测记录了 202 种鸟类。我们没有发现河流之间或受影响地点与未受影响地点之间平均物种丰富度的差异。但是,我们发现了不同流域和不同地点之间的物种更替。未受干扰的地点以洪泛平原专科鸟类为特征,与受影响地点相比,这些地点的鸟类在系统发育上更加集中,在功能上更加相似,而受影响地点则由来自不同系统发育支系、具有不同功能特征的通科鸟类占据。通过评估鸟类多样性的多个维度,我们发现永久性洪水会导致洪泛区鸟类的广泛变化,使通性物种比专性物种更受青睐,从而降低了受影响群落的独特性。我们证明,仅凭阿尔法多样性指标不足以描述筑坝对亚马逊洪泛平原鸟类的影响。为了正确监测大坝对环境的影响,应该对群落变化的其他措施进行标准化,重点是季节性洪水环境中的物种替换。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Impacts of large dams on Amazonian floodplain bird communities

Impacts of large dams on Amazonian floodplain bird communities

Impacts of large dams on Amazonian floodplain bird communities

Amazon river floodplains sustain distinct kinds of seasonally flooded habitats along with their specialized biota. River sediment load and geomorphology determine vegetation physiognomy and the occurrence of specialized taxa. Hydropower dams disrupt the annual flooding cycle, affecting the floodplain habitats and associated avifauna. Our goal was to understand how permanent flooding caused by large dams affects taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of bird communities in two Amazonian rivers with distinct characteristics. We sampled 35 sites, including undisturbed sites and sites impacted by the permanent flooding caused by large dams operating on the Madeira and Xingu rivers since 2012 and 2016, respectively. We recorded 202 bird species through passive acoustic monitoring. We did not find differences in mean species richness between rivers or between impacted vs. undisturbed sites. However, we found species turnover between distinct river basins and between sites. Undisturbed sites were characterized by floodplain specialists and were more phylogenetically clustered and functionally more similar than impacted sites, which were occupied by more generalist species from different phylogenetic clades, with distinct functional traits. By assessing multiple dimensions of bird diversity, we show that permanent flooding leads to extensive changes in the floodplain avifauna, favoring generalist over specialist species and thus reducing the uniqueness of the affected communities. We demonstrate that alpha diversity metrics alone are insufficient to characterize the impacts of river damming on Amazonian floodplain avifauna. To properly monitor dams' environmental impacts, additional measures of community change should be standardized, with emphasis on species replacements in seasonally flooded environments.

Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.

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来源期刊
Biotropica
Biotropica 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
9.50%
发文量
122
审稿时长
8-16 weeks
期刊介绍: Ranked by the ISI index, Biotropica is a highly regarded source of original research on the ecology, conservation and management of all tropical ecosystems, and on the evolution, behavior, and population biology of tropical organisms. Published on behalf of the Association of Tropical Biology and Conservation, the journal''s Special Issues and Special Sections quickly become indispensable references for researchers in the field. Biotropica publishes timely Papers, Reviews, Commentaries, and Insights. Commentaries generate thought-provoking ideas that frequently initiate fruitful debate and discussion, while Reviews provide authoritative and analytical overviews of topics of current conservation or ecological importance. The newly instituted category Insights replaces Short Communications.
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