被忽视的第二代和第三代城市环境卫生挑战:审查安全管理卫生设施的边缘化和排斥问题

Tanvi Bhatkal, Lyla Mehta, Roshni Sumitra
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引用次数: 0

摘要

环境卫生对健康和福祉至关重要,但城市,尤其是全球南部的城市,在提供安全管理的环境卫生系统方面面临挑战。全球和各国的环境卫生运动往往侧重于 "入网 "的可见方面,如厕所建设和连接,但很少涉及 "离网 "的危险、不可见方面,如排泄物处理不当或不安全、粪便污泥管理不足(通常被认为是第二代或第三代环境卫生挑战)。然而,这些问题往往会对快速城市化地区离网地区的贫困人口和边缘化人群造成严重影响。这篇综述论文以批判性的眼光审视了有关粪便污泥管理挑战和循环经济解决方案的不断增长的文献。通过排斥和边缘化的视角,我们回顾了有关获得安全管理的卫生设施、环卫工人的负担以及从粪便中安全回收价值的辩论。我们认为,在获得安全管理的卫生设施的不平等机会和维护卫生基础设施的负担方面,卫生系统经常复制和加剧现有的社会等级制度和歧视。因此,未来有关粪便污泥管理和粪便资源回收的研究必须关注边缘化和排斥问题。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Neglected second and third generation challenges of urban sanitation: A review of the marginality and exclusion dimensions of safely managed sanitation
Sanitation is fundamental for health and wellbeing yet cities, especially in the global South, face challenges in providing safely managed sanitation systems. Global and national sanitation campaigns tend to focus on the visible aspects of being ‘on grid’ in terms of toilet construction and connections but rarely address the dangerous, invisible aspects of being ‘off grid’ such as poor or unsafe excreta disposal and inadequate faecal sludge management (often considered to be second or third generation sanitation challenges). These, however, tend to disproportionately affect poor and marginalised people in off-grid locations in rapidly urbanising areas. This review paper engages critically with the growing literature on the challenges of faecal sludge management and circular economy solutions. Through the lens of exclusion and marginality, we review debates regarding access to safely managed sanitation, the burden of sanitation workers and safely recovering value from shit. We argue that sanitation systems often reproduce and exacerbate existing societal hierarchies and discriminations in terms of unequal access to safely managed sanitation and the burden of maintaining sanitation infrastructures. It is thus important for future research on faecal sludge management and resource recovery from shit to focus on issues of marginality and exclusion.
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