Yu Ni , Adam A. Szpiro , Christine T. Loftus , Tomomi Workman , Alexis Sullivan , Erin R. Wallace , Anne M. Riederer , Drew B. Day , Laura E. Murphy , Ruby H.N. Nguyen , Sheela Sathyanarayana , Emily S. Barrett , Qi Zhao , Daniel A. Enquobahrie , Christopher Simpson , Shaikh I. Ahmad , Jessica A. Arizaga , Brent R. Collett , Karen J. Derefinko , Kurunthachalam Kannan , Catherine J. Karr
{"title":"产前接触多环芳烃与学龄时的执行功能：一项合并队列研究的结果","authors":"Yu Ni , Adam A. Szpiro , Christine T. Loftus , Tomomi Workman , Alexis Sullivan , Erin R. Wallace , Anne M. Riederer , Drew B. Day , Laura E. Murphy , Ruby H.N. Nguyen , Sheela Sathyanarayana , Emily S. Barrett , Qi Zhao , Daniel A. Enquobahrie , Christopher Simpson , Shaikh I. Ahmad , Jessica A. Arizaga , Brent R. Collett , Karen J. Derefinko , Kurunthachalam Kannan , Catherine J. Karr","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114407","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Executive functions develop rapidly in childhood, enabling problem-solving, focused attention, and planning. Exposures to environmental toxicants in pregnancy may impair healthy executive function development in children. There is increasing concern regarding polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) given their ability to transfer across the placenta and the fetal blood-brain barrier, yet evidence from epidemiological studies is limited.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We examined associations between prenatal PAH exposure and executive functions in 814 children of non-smoking mothers from two U.S. cohorts in the ECHO-PATHWAYS Consortium. Seven mono-hydroxylated PAH metabolites were measured in mid-pregnancy urine and analyzed individually and as mixtures. Three executive function domains were measured at age 8–9: cognitive flexibility, working memory, and inhibitory control. A composite score quantifying overall performance was further calculated. We fitted linear regressions adjusted for socio-demographics, maternal health behaviors, and psychological measures, and examined modification by child sex and stressful life events in pregnancy. Bayesian kernel machine regression was performed to estimate the interactive and overall effects of the PAH mixture.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results from primary analysis of linear regressions were generally null, and no modification by child sex or maternal stress was indicated. Mixture analyses suggested several pairwise interactions between individual PAH metabolites in varied directions on working memory, particularly interactions between 2/3/9-FLUO and other PAH metabolites, but no overall or individual effects were evident.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>We conducted a novel exploration of PAH-executive functions association in a large, combined sample from two cohorts. Although findings were predominantly null, the study carries important implications for future research and contributes to evolving science regarding developmental origins of diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 114407"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1438463924000889/pdfft?md5=a697c0c6051e2f1c88cd69c59eabbf2d&pid=1-s2.0-S1438463924000889-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and executive functions at school age: Results from a combined cohort study\",\"authors\":\"Yu Ni , Adam A. Szpiro , Christine T. Loftus , Tomomi Workman , Alexis Sullivan , Erin R. Wallace , Anne M. Riederer , Drew B. Day , Laura E. Murphy , Ruby H.N. Nguyen , Sheela Sathyanarayana , Emily S. Barrett , Qi Zhao , Daniel A. Enquobahrie , Christopher Simpson , Shaikh I. Ahmad , Jessica A. Arizaga , Brent R. Collett , Karen J. Derefinko , Kurunthachalam Kannan , Catherine J. Karr\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114407\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Executive functions develop rapidly in childhood, enabling problem-solving, focused attention, and planning. Exposures to environmental toxicants in pregnancy may impair healthy executive function development in children. There is increasing concern regarding polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) given their ability to transfer across the placenta and the fetal blood-brain barrier, yet evidence from epidemiological studies is limited.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We examined associations between prenatal PAH exposure and executive functions in 814 children of non-smoking mothers from two U.S. cohorts in the ECHO-PATHWAYS Consortium. Seven mono-hydroxylated PAH metabolites were measured in mid-pregnancy urine and analyzed individually and as mixtures. Three executive function domains were measured at age 8–9: cognitive flexibility, working memory, and inhibitory control. A composite score quantifying overall performance was further calculated. We fitted linear regressions adjusted for socio-demographics, maternal health behaviors, and psychological measures, and examined modification by child sex and stressful life events in pregnancy. Bayesian kernel machine regression was performed to estimate the interactive and overall effects of the PAH mixture.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results from primary analysis of linear regressions were generally null, and no modification by child sex or maternal stress was indicated. Mixture analyses suggested several pairwise interactions between individual PAH metabolites in varied directions on working memory, particularly interactions between 2/3/9-FLUO and other PAH metabolites, but no overall or individual effects were evident.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>We conducted a novel exploration of PAH-executive functions association in a large, combined sample from two cohorts. 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Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and executive functions at school age: Results from a combined cohort study
Background
Executive functions develop rapidly in childhood, enabling problem-solving, focused attention, and planning. Exposures to environmental toxicants in pregnancy may impair healthy executive function development in children. There is increasing concern regarding polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) given their ability to transfer across the placenta and the fetal blood-brain barrier, yet evidence from epidemiological studies is limited.
Methods
We examined associations between prenatal PAH exposure and executive functions in 814 children of non-smoking mothers from two U.S. cohorts in the ECHO-PATHWAYS Consortium. Seven mono-hydroxylated PAH metabolites were measured in mid-pregnancy urine and analyzed individually and as mixtures. Three executive function domains were measured at age 8–9: cognitive flexibility, working memory, and inhibitory control. A composite score quantifying overall performance was further calculated. We fitted linear regressions adjusted for socio-demographics, maternal health behaviors, and psychological measures, and examined modification by child sex and stressful life events in pregnancy. Bayesian kernel machine regression was performed to estimate the interactive and overall effects of the PAH mixture.
Results
The results from primary analysis of linear regressions were generally null, and no modification by child sex or maternal stress was indicated. Mixture analyses suggested several pairwise interactions between individual PAH metabolites in varied directions on working memory, particularly interactions between 2/3/9-FLUO and other PAH metabolites, but no overall or individual effects were evident.
Conclusion
We conducted a novel exploration of PAH-executive functions association in a large, combined sample from two cohorts. Although findings were predominantly null, the study carries important implications for future research and contributes to evolving science regarding developmental origins of diseases.
期刊介绍：
The International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health serves as a multidisciplinary forum for original reports on exposure assessment and the reactions to and consequences of human exposure to the biological, chemical, and physical environment. Research reports, short communications, reviews, scientific comments, technical notes, and editorials will be peer-reviewed before acceptance for publication. Priority will be given to articles on epidemiological aspects of environmental toxicology, health risk assessments, susceptible (sub) populations, sanitation and clean water, human biomonitoring, environmental medicine, and public health aspects of exposure-related outcomes.
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