Association of digital media use with sleep habits in school children: A cross-sectional study

Background

The use of digital media (DM) is increasing among school-children, which can affect their sleep habits. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the association of DM use with sleep habits in school-children.

Methods

It was a cross-sectional study of healthy school children. Sleep habits and DM use were assessed using the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and SCREENS-Q, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to establish the correlation between the two variables. Logistic regression analysis was performed to quantify the extent of association between variables. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

A total of 205 children were enrolled with a mean (SD) age of 7.1 (2.1) years. The mean (SD) sleep duration was 7.58 (0.80) hours. The mean (SD) CSHQ score was 50.6 (5.1). Use of DM was observed in 204 (99.5 %) children. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, DM use ≥2 h/day was significantly associated with higher CSHQ score (OR 1.28, 95%CI 1.18–1.40; p = 0.001). Sleep domains significantly affected by DM use ≥2 h/day were bedtime resistance (OR 1.55, 95 % CI 1.24–1.94; p < 0.001), sleep duration (OR 0.40, 95 % CI 0.28–0.58:p < 0.001), sleep anxiety (OR 1.69, 95%CI 1.40–2.04:p < 0.001), night awakening (OR 4.81 95 % CI 2.98–7.78:p < 0.001), parasomnias (OR 1.86, 95 % CI 1.45–2.38:p < 0.001), and daytime sleepiness (OR1.89,95 % CI 1.52–2.36: p < 0.001). DM use 30 min before bedtime was significantly associated with a higher CSHQ score (OR 1.32, 95 % CI 1.20–1.45; p < 0.001). In bivariate regression analysis, DM use ≥2 h/day was associated with poor academic performance (OR 2.36 95 % CI 1.28–4.35; p 0.006).

Conclusion

This study has shown that the average sleep duration in children was shorter than the recommended duration. DM use was common in school children and it has a significant association with sleep habits especially with use of ≥2 h/day and 30 mints before bedtime. It was also associated with poor academic performance. Public awareness on effect of DM use in school children is the need of the hour.