Study the functional nanophytosome based on tannic acid and vitamin D3

The main aim of this study was to entrap a fat-soluble vitamin (D₃) and Tannic acid (TA) in nanophytosomes (NPHYs) to improve their stability and controlled release. The effects of phosphatidyl choline: TA ratio (P1:T2, P1:T1, and P2:T1) and the presence of D₃ on the transmission electron microscope (TEM), particle size distribution and span, zeta potential, turbidity, stability, pH, total phenolic content (TPC), encapsulation efficiency (EE), particle size, antioxidant activity and in vitro release of TA and D₃ were studied. A fine dispersion with particle size less than 100 nm was achieved for all NPHYs. Based on TEM, all samples had a smooth, spherical surface and formed small vesicles. The zeta potential varied from -65.2 to -55.26 mV. The P1:T2-D sample had the highest polyphenol content and antioxidant activities. Based on the thermal stability results, all samples were stable up to 50 °C. The P2:T1-D sample had the highest EE values for both D₃ and TA (93.70 and 92.22%, respectively) and the lowest release rate in gastric conditions. The presence of D₃ did not affect the stability of NPHYs. Therefore, the incorporation of TA and D₃ in NPHYs can be considered a promising strategy in the food and pharmaceutical industries due to the improved physical and biological stabilities.