东欧的收入不平等:二十世纪的保加利亚和捷克斯洛伐克

IF 2.6 1区 历史学 Q1 ECONOMICS
Stefan Nikolić , Filip Novokmet , Piotr Paweł Larysz
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文对二十世纪保加利亚和捷克/捷克斯洛伐克的长期收入不平等进行了新的估算。依靠新构建的数据集和社会表格方法,我们衡量了突出社会阶层之间的不平等。我们发现,1945 年前捷克斯洛伐克的不平等程度明显高于保加利亚。在社会主义制度下,不平等趋于类似的低水平。按社会阶层进行的分解分析表明,本世纪上半叶不同程度的不平等主要是由捷克斯洛伐克较高的社会阶层内部不平等造成的,这是由于工业社会的分层程度较高;而在保加利亚,占主导地位的农业部门内部的低分散性抑制了社会阶层内部的不平等。1945 年后,由于社会革命,社会阶层之间的不平等几乎消失,社会阶层内部的不平等显著减少,导致总体不平等急剧下降。我们的研究结果表明,在整个 20 世纪,制度和政治因素在推动东欧的不平等方面发挥了关键作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Income inequality in Eastern Europe: Bulgaria and Czechoslovakia in the twentieth century

This article provides novel estimates of long-term income inequality in Bulgaria and Czech Lands/Czechoslovakia in the twentieth century. Relying on newly-constructed datasets and the social tables approach, we measure inequality between salient social strata. We find that Czechoslovakia was significantly more unequal than Bulgaria before 1945. Inequality converged to similarly low levels under socialism. Decomposition analysis by social classes reveals that different levels of inequality in the first half of the century were principally driven by higher within social-class inequality in Czechoslovakia, owing to a more stratified industrial society; whereas a low dispersion within the dominant agricultural sector held down the within social-class component in Bulgaria. A dramatic fall in total inequality after 1945 was a result of the social revolution that encompassed the virtual disappearance of between social-class inequality and a marked reduction in within social-class inequality. Our findings point to the critical role of institutional and political factors in driving inequality in Eastern Europe throughout the twentieth century.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.50
自引率
8.70%
发文量
27
期刊介绍: Explorations in Economic History provides broad coverage of the application of economic analysis to historical episodes. The journal has a tradition of innovative applications of theory and quantitative techniques, and it explores all aspects of economic change, all historical periods, all geographical locations, and all political and social systems. The journal includes papers by economists, economic historians, demographers, geographers, and sociologists. Explorations in Economic History is the only journal where you will find "Essays in Exploration." This unique department alerts economic historians to the potential in a new area of research, surveying the recent literature and then identifying the most promising issues to pursue.
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