乳糜泻、麸质敏感和饮食管理。

Q1 Medicine
Current Gastroenterology Reports Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-12 DOI:10.1007/s11894-024-00931-x
Elizabeth Wall, Carol E Semrad
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引用次数: 0

摘要

审查目的:乳糜泻是一种常见的慢性小肠炎症,由饮食中小麦、黑麦和大麦中的麸质引发。非乳糜泻性麸质过敏症在摄入麸质或其他小麦成分后会出现类似乳糜泻的症状。在本文中,我们将回顾无麸质饮食在治疗这两种疾病时所面临的挑战:小麦在饮食和药物/产品中无处不在。注册营养师必须对患者进行无麸质饮食教育。天然无麸质食品可为乳糜泻患者提供健康饮食。由于精制谷物可能缺乏纤维、蛋白质和微量营养素,尤其是叶酸,因此饮食中鼓励食用标有无麸质的全谷物,包括燕麦。麸质污染是乳糜泻患者出现持续症状的最常见原因,尽管共用的食物制作设备可能并不像怀疑的那样是一个大问题。大多数乳糜泻患者在接受无麸质饮食后会完全康复,但体重会增加,这对体重超重者来说是个问题。无麸质饮食可能会对乳糜泻患者及其家人的生活质量产生负面影响。对无麸质饮食过度警惕和避免外出就餐的人生活质量最低。无麸质饮食是目前治疗乳糜泻的唯一有效方法。需要一名注册营养师向患者讲解无麸质饮食的复杂性,以实现健康饮食、保持健康体重、避免饮食紊乱或饮食过度警惕为目标;这是提高生活质量的关键。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Celiac Disease, Gluten Sensitivity, and Diet Management.

Purpose of review: Celiac disease is a common chronic inflammatory condition of the small bowel triggered by gluten in wheat, rye and barley in the diet. Non-celiac gluten sensitivity presents with symptoms similar to celiac disease with the ingestion of gluten or other components of wheat. In this article, we review challenges presented by a gluten free diet for the treatment of both disorders.

Recent findings: Wheat is ubiquitous in the diet and medications/products. A registered dietitian is mandatory for patient education on the gluten free diet. Naturally gluten free foods provide a healthy diet for those with celiac disease. Whole grains labelled gluten free, including oats, are encouraged in the diet as refined grains may be deficient in fiber, protein, and micronutrients, particularly folate. Gluten contamination is the most common cause of persistent symptoms in celiac disease though shared equipment of food preparation may not be as large a problem as suspected. Most with celiac disease on a gluten free diet will fully recover and gain weight that poses a problem for those overweight to start. The gluten free diet may have a negative impact on quality of life for both celiac patients and their families. Those with hypervigilance of the gluten free diet and avoidance of dining out have the lowest quality of life. The gluten free diet is currently the only effective treatment for celiac disease. A registered dietitian is needed to educate patients on the complexity of the gluten free diet with a goal of healthy eating, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding disordered eating or diet hypervigilance; key to a good quality of life.

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来源期刊
Current Gastroenterology Reports
Current Gastroenterology Reports Medicine-Gastroenterology
CiteScore
7.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
19
期刊介绍: As the field of gastroenterology and hepatology rapidly evolves, the wealth of published literature can be overwhelming. The aim of the journal is to help readers stay abreast of such advances by offering authoritative, systematic reviews by leading experts. We accomplish this aim by appointing Section Editors who invite international experts to contribute review articles that highlight recent developments and important papers published in the past year. Major topics in gastroenterology are covered, including pediatric gastroenterology, neuromuscular disorders, infections, nutrition, and inflammatory bowel disease. These reviews provide clear, insightful summaries of expert perspectives relevant to clinical practice. An Editorial Board of internationally diverse members suggests topics of special interest to their country/region and ensures that topics are current and include emerging research. We also provide commentaries from well-known figures in the field.
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