灾民身份鉴定:稳定同位素分析和未知死者的鉴定。

IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q2 MEDICINE, LEGAL
Lesley A. Chesson MS, Gregory E. Berg PhD, Mary Megyesi PhD
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在复杂的灾难受害者身份鉴定(DVI)领域,法医学从业人员使用各种调查技术来实现一个共同目标:确认死者身份,为受灾社区带来圆满结局。身份鉴定是一项复杂的工作;事件(灾难)也可能异常复杂,因为它可能是一个急性事件,也可能是一个跨越数月或数年的事件。使时间问题更加复杂的是,遗骸可能非常零碎、分散、混杂,或因肇事者或灾难本身而遭到破坏。为了帮助解决这些复杂问题,我们探索了在 DVI 事件中使用稳定同位素分析 (SIA)。稳定同位素分析可用于各种身体组织(头发、指甲、骨骼和牙齿),每种组织都代表死者生命中不同的时间深度。骨胶原和牙釉质碳酸盐分别有助于重建个人的饮食和源水摄入量,从而确定可能的人口或地理来源。此外,骨胶原的碳和氮同位素特征可以计算出人体内的范围。这些事实使调查人员能够利用同位素数据确定遗骸的可能来源,并可用于将骨骼元素(与个人)联系起来,或者更重要的是,显示遗骸没有联系。因此,应用 SIA 可以加快遗骸鉴定的速度,因为它可以将个人从需要鉴定的短名单中剔除、将遗骸联系起来或将遗骸分离,并减少对某些 DNA 测试的需求。这些策略和假设检验应在 DVI 过程的早期开始,以取得最大成效。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Disaster victim identification: Stable isotope analysis and the identification of unknown decedents

Within the complex world of disaster victim identification, or DVI, forensic science practitioners use a variety of investigative techniques to work toward a common goal: identification of the decedents, bringing closure to the affected communities. Identification is a complex undertaking; the event (disaster) also can be extraordinarily complex, as it may be an acute event, or one that spans months or years. Compounding this time issue, remains may be heavily fragmented, dispersed, commingled, or otherwise disrupted by either the perpetrators or the disaster itself. To help solve these complexities, we explore the use of stable isotope analysis (SIA) in DVI events. SIA can be used with a variety of body tissues (hair, nail, bone, and teeth), and each represents different time depths in a decedent's life. Bone collagen and tooth enamel carbonate are useful to reconstruct an individual's diet and source water intakes, respectively, leading to likely population or geographic origin determinations. Additionally, the carbon and nitrogen isotopic signatures of bone collagen have calculated intraperson ranges. These facts allow investigators to determine likely origin of remains using isotopic data and can be used to link skeletal elements (to an individual), or perhaps more importantly, show that remains are not linked. Application of SIA can thus speed remains identification by eliminating individuals from short lists for identification, linking or decoupling remains, and reducing the need for some DNA testing. These strategies and hypothesis tests should commence early in the DVI process to achieve maximum effectiveness.

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来源期刊
Journal of forensic sciences
Journal of forensic sciences 医学-医学:法
CiteScore
4.00
自引率
12.50%
发文量
215
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Forensic Sciences (JFS) is the official publication of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS). It is devoted to the publication of original investigations, observations, scholarly inquiries and reviews in various branches of the forensic sciences. These include anthropology, criminalistics, digital and multimedia sciences, engineering and applied sciences, pathology/biology, psychiatry and behavioral science, jurisprudence, odontology, questioned documents, and toxicology. Similar submissions dealing with forensic aspects of other sciences and the social sciences are also accepted, as are submissions dealing with scientifically sound emerging science disciplines. The content and/or views expressed in the JFS are not necessarily those of the AAFS, the JFS Editorial Board, the organizations with which authors are affiliated, or the publisher of JFS. All manuscript submissions are double-blind peer-reviewed.
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