空程经济学

IF 2.2 3区 工程技术 Q2 ECONOMICS
Dario Farren , Ricardo Giesen , Luis Ignacio Rizzi
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引用次数: 0

摘要

空车对物流运营的效率和可持续性有重大影响,占城际卡车流量的很大一部分,从 15% 到 40% 不等。虽然其中一些空车行程可归因于负载不平衡,但在一条路线的两个方向上都能观察到空车流动的情况,这也是很常见的。本文介绍了一种微观经济模型,旨在更深入地了解负载失衡之外的空车流及其对货运流、运输价格和自由进入均衡中承运人数量的影响。我们的方法捕捉到了托运人在一个由两个地点组成、货物双向流动的系统中选择承运人时的偏好。由于托运人对承运商服务的认知是异质的,因此模型包含了承运商之间的价格竞争和差异化服务的生产。由于承运人不了解托运人的偏好,因此采用随机效用模型来表示。通过该模型,可以确定均衡条件并与社会最优条件进行比较。结果表明(1) 在货物运输过程中,不仅会因负载不平衡而出现空车,还会因随机需求模式而自然出现空车。(2) 当新的承运商进入市场时,会通过业务窃取效应造成空车的负面影响。(3) 空车会破坏价格与承运商之间的平衡,造成自由进入均衡与社会最优值之间的差距。(4) 通过协调承运商的运营,可最大限度地减少因业务窃取效应造成的空车流,使系统趋向社会最优结果。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The economics of empty trips

Empty trucks have a significant impact on the efficiency and sustainability of logistics operations, accounting for a substantial portion of the intercity truck flow, ranging from 15% to 40%. While some of these empty trips can be attributed to load imbalances, it is common to observe the flow of empty trucks in both directions of a route. This paper introduces a microeconomic model aimed at providing a deeper understanding of the flow of empty vehicles beyond load imbalances and its implications for freight flows, transport prices, and the number of carriers in the free-entry equilibrium. Our approach captures shippers’ preferences when selecting carriers within a system comprising two locations with cargo flow in both directions. The model incorporates price competition among carriers and the production of differentiated services, as shippers perceive carriers’ services in a heterogeneous manner. Given that carriers lack knowledge of shippers’ preferences, these are represented using a random utility model. The model enables the determination and comparison of equilibrium conditions with the social optimum. The results show that: (1) The transportation of goods results in not only empty vehicles due to imbalanced loads but also a natural occurrence of empty vehicles due to the stochastic demand patterns. (2) When a new carrier enters the market, it contributes to the negative impact of empty vehicles through the business stealing effect. (3) Empty trips disrupt the balance of prices and carriers, creating a gap between the free-entry equilibrium and the socially optimal values. (4) By coordinating carriers’ operations, the flow of empty vehicles due to the business stealing effect can be minimized, moving the system towards the socially optimal outcome.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.50
自引率
7.10%
发文量
19
审稿时长
69 days
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