Unveiling the dynamics of co-created camping experiences: Influence of co-production on family cohesion and resilience via place identity

Camping experiences have long been regarded as transformative, fostering not only a connection to the natural environment but also intricate social dynamics among participants. While existing literature recognizes the significance of camping experiences in shaping individual and collective well-being, there remains a critical research gap regarding the specific influence of campers' co-production on family cohesion, place identity, and resilience. This paper explores the direct positive influence of campers' co-production on family cohesion, place identity, and resilience, while also examining the mediating role of place identity in shaping connections between campers' co-production and family cohesion, as well as resilience. Purposive sampling was utilized to survey voluntary visitors at five representative camping sites across northern, central, and southern Taiwan, resulting in a collection of 826 valid questionnaires. This study finds that campers' co-production has a positive influence on family cohesion, place identity, and resilience. Moreover, campers’ place identity has a positive influence on family cohesion and resilience. Furthermore, the mediating role of place identity in shaping connections between campers' co-production and family cohesion, as well as resilience, is supported. By unraveling these dynamics, the research contributes both theoretical insights into the specific connections within the camping context and practical implications for designing camping programs that enhance familial and individual well-being.