De Novo Assembly and Annotation of the Siganus fuscescens (Houttuyn, 1782) Genome: Marking a Pioneering Advance for the Siganidae Family.

This study presents the first draft genome of Siganus fuscescens, and thereby establishes the first whole-genome sequence for a species in the Siganidae family. Leveraging both long and short read sequencing technologies, i.e., Oxford Nanopore and Illumina sequencing, we successfully assembled a mitogenome spanning 16.494 Kb and a first haploid genome encompassing 498 Mb. The assembled genome accounted for a 99.6% of the estimated genome size and was organized into 164 contigs with an N50 of 7.2 Mb. This genome assembly showed a GC content of 42.9% and a high Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologue (BUSCO) completeness score of 99.5% using actinopterygii_odb10 lineage, thereby meeting stringent quality standards. In addition to its structural aspects, our study also examined the functional genomics of this species, including the intricate capacity to biosynthesize long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) and secrete venom. Notably, our analyses revealed various repeats elements, which collectively constituted 17.43% of the genome. Moreover, annotation of 28,351 genes uncovered both shared genetic signatures and those that are unique to S. fuscescens. Our assembled genome also displayed a moderate prevalence of gene duplication compared to other fish species, which suggests that this species has a distinctive evolutionary trajectory and potentially unique functional constraints. Taken altogether, this genomic resource establishes a robust foundation for future research on the biology, evolution, and the aquaculture potential of S. fuscescens.