{"title":"老化过程中通过铝微合金化形成的 Cu-15Ni-8Sn 合金的沉淀演变和性能","authors":"Wei Luo, Li-Jun Peng, Xu-Jun Mi, Hao-Feng Xie, Yi-Cheng Cao, Shu-Hui Huang","doi":"10.1007/s12598-024-02761-2","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Studies have shown that microalloying Cu–Ni–Sn alloys using Al inhibits discontinuous precipitation reactions; however, the mechanism has not been investigated yet. Thus, this study explored the properties and precipitation evolution of Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloys without and with 1 wt% Al(Cu-15Ni-8Sn-1Al) during ageing at 500 °C through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy. The results revealed that in Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy, DO<sub>22</sub> ordering first occurred after spinodal decomposition, subsequently transitioning to an L1<sub>2</sub> ordering phase, during which the discontinuous precipitates gradually nucleated at the grain boundaries and formed ingrains. The alloy hardness increased sharply with ordering and then decreased rapidly after reaching its peak value, due to the dominance of the discontinuous precipitation reaction. However, the DO<sub>22</sub> ordered phase did not appear during the ageing of Cu-15Ni-8Sn-1Al alloy, and a Ni<sub>3</sub>(Al<sub><i>x</i></sub>, Sn<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>) intermetallic compound with L1<sub>2</sub> structure was formed, consuming Ni and Sn atoms, thereby significantly suppressing the discontinuous precipitation reaction and improving the stability during prolonged ageing. The tensile strength (yield strength) of Cu-15Ni-8Sn and Cu-15Ni-8Sn-1Al alloys at peak hardness were 855 (755) and 936 MPa (892 MPa), respectively, and their main strengthening mechanisms were solid solution strengthening and precipitation strengthening. The addition of 1 wt% Al effectively improved the precipitation strengthening effect of Cu–Ni–Sn alloys but severely decreased the ductility.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\n<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Precipitation evolution and properties of Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloys via Al microalloying during ageing\",\"authors\":\"Wei Luo, Li-Jun Peng, Xu-Jun Mi, Hao-Feng Xie, Yi-Cheng Cao, Shu-Hui Huang\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s12598-024-02761-2\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Studies have shown that microalloying Cu–Ni–Sn alloys using Al inhibits discontinuous precipitation reactions; however, the mechanism has not been investigated yet. Thus, this study explored the properties and precipitation evolution of Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloys without and with 1 wt% Al(Cu-15Ni-8Sn-1Al) during ageing at 500 °C through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy. The results revealed that in Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy, DO<sub>22</sub> ordering first occurred after spinodal decomposition, subsequently transitioning to an L1<sub>2</sub> ordering phase, during which the discontinuous precipitates gradually nucleated at the grain boundaries and formed ingrains. The alloy hardness increased sharply with ordering and then decreased rapidly after reaching its peak value, due to the dominance of the discontinuous precipitation reaction. However, the DO<sub>22</sub> ordered phase did not appear during the ageing of Cu-15Ni-8Sn-1Al alloy, and a Ni<sub>3</sub>(Al<sub><i>x</i></sub>, Sn<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>) intermetallic compound with L1<sub>2</sub> structure was formed, consuming Ni and Sn atoms, thereby significantly suppressing the discontinuous precipitation reaction and improving the stability during prolonged ageing. The tensile strength (yield strength) of Cu-15Ni-8Sn and Cu-15Ni-8Sn-1Al alloys at peak hardness were 855 (755) and 936 MPa (892 MPa), respectively, and their main strengthening mechanisms were solid solution strengthening and precipitation strengthening. The addition of 1 wt% Al effectively improved the precipitation strengthening effect of Cu–Ni–Sn alloys but severely decreased the ductility.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\\n<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":749,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Rare Metals\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":9.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-06-04\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Rare Metals\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"88\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12598-024-02761-2\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"材料科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Rare Metals","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12598-024-02761-2","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
研究表明,使用铝对铜-镍-锰合金进行微合金化可抑制不连续析出反应,但尚未对其机理进行研究。因此,本研究通过 X 射线衍射 (XRD)、扫描电子显微镜和高角度环形暗场扫描透射电子显微镜,探讨了不含和含 1 wt% Al 的 Cu-15Ni-8Sn 合金(Cu-15Ni-8Sn-1Al)在 500 °C 老化过程中的性能和析出演变。结果表明,在 Cu-15Ni-8Sn 合金中,旋光分解后首先出现 DO22 排序,随后过渡到 L12 排序相,其间不连续析出物逐渐在晶界处成核并形成晶粒。由于不连续析出反应占主导地位,合金硬度随有序化而急剧上升,达到峰值后又迅速下降。然而,Cu-15Ni-8Sn-1Al 合金在时效过程中并未出现 DO22 有序相,而是形成了具有 L12 结构的 Ni3(Alx,Sn1-x)金属间化合物,消耗了 Ni 原子和 Sn 原子,从而显著抑制了不连续沉淀反应,提高了长时间时效过程中的稳定性。Cu-15Ni-8Sn 和 Cu-15Ni-8Sn-1Al 合金在峰值硬度下的抗拉强度(屈服强度)分别为 855(755)和 936 MPa(892 MPa),其主要强化机制为固溶强化和沉淀强化。1 wt% Al的添加有效改善了Cu-Ni-Sn合金的沉淀强化效果,但却严重降低了其延展性。
Precipitation evolution and properties of Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloys via Al microalloying during ageing
Studies have shown that microalloying Cu–Ni–Sn alloys using Al inhibits discontinuous precipitation reactions; however, the mechanism has not been investigated yet. Thus, this study explored the properties and precipitation evolution of Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloys without and with 1 wt% Al(Cu-15Ni-8Sn-1Al) during ageing at 500 °C through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy. The results revealed that in Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy, DO22 ordering first occurred after spinodal decomposition, subsequently transitioning to an L12 ordering phase, during which the discontinuous precipitates gradually nucleated at the grain boundaries and formed ingrains. The alloy hardness increased sharply with ordering and then decreased rapidly after reaching its peak value, due to the dominance of the discontinuous precipitation reaction. However, the DO22 ordered phase did not appear during the ageing of Cu-15Ni-8Sn-1Al alloy, and a Ni3(Alx, Sn1−x) intermetallic compound with L12 structure was formed, consuming Ni and Sn atoms, thereby significantly suppressing the discontinuous precipitation reaction and improving the stability during prolonged ageing. The tensile strength (yield strength) of Cu-15Ni-8Sn and Cu-15Ni-8Sn-1Al alloys at peak hardness were 855 (755) and 936 MPa (892 MPa), respectively, and their main strengthening mechanisms were solid solution strengthening and precipitation strengthening. The addition of 1 wt% Al effectively improved the precipitation strengthening effect of Cu–Ni–Sn alloys but severely decreased the ductility.
期刊介绍:
Rare Metals is a monthly peer-reviewed journal published by the Nonferrous Metals Society of China. It serves as a platform for engineers and scientists to communicate and disseminate original research articles in the field of rare metals. The journal focuses on a wide range of topics including metallurgy, processing, and determination of rare metals. Additionally, it showcases the application of rare metals in advanced materials such as superconductors, semiconductors, composites, and ceramics.