Sjoerd Stendahl , Naureen Ghafoor , Anton Zubayer , Marcus Lorentzon , Alexei Vorobiev , Jens Birch , Fredrik Eriksson
{"title":"基于 11B4C 的大型 Ni/Ti 超镜中子光学器件的材料设计优化","authors":"Sjoerd Stendahl , Naureen Ghafoor , Anton Zubayer , Marcus Lorentzon , Alexei Vorobiev , Jens Birch , Fredrik Eriksson","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113061","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>State-of-the-art Ni/Ti supermirror neutron optics have limited reflected intensity and a restricted neutron energy range due to the interface width. Incorporating low-neutron-absorbing <sup>11</sup>B<sub>4</sub>C enhances reflectivity and allows for thinner layers to be deposited, with which more efficient supermirrors with higher m-values can be realized. However, incorporating <sup>11</sup>B<sub>4</sub>C reduces the optical contrast, limiting the attainable reflectivity at low scattering vectors, making this approach infeasible. This study explores various approaches to optimize the material design of <sup>11</sup>B<sub>4</sub>C-containing Ni/Ti supermirrors to maintain high reflectivity at low scattering vectors and achieve low interface widths at large scattering vectors. The scattering length density contrast versus interface width is investigated for multilayer periods of 30 Å, 48 Å, and 84 Å, for designs involving pure Ni/Ti multilayers, multilayers with <sup>11</sup>B<sub>4</sub>C co-deposited in Ni and Ti layers, multilayers with <sup>11</sup>B<sub>4</sub>C co-deposited only in Ni layers, and multilayers with <sup>11</sup>B<sub>4</sub>C as thin interlayers between Ni and Ti layers. Our results suggest that a depth-graded hybrid material design by incorporating <sup>11</sup>B<sub>4</sub>C inside the Ni and Ti layers, below approximately 26 Å, and introducing 1.5 Å <sup>11</sup>B<sub>4</sub>C interlayers between the thicker Ni and Ti layers can achieve a higher reflectivity than state-of-the-art Ni/Ti multilayers over the entire scattering vector range.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127524004350/pdfft?md5=e101285e046385d49c8d85be9d3bcbfc&pid=1-s2.0-S0264127524004350-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Material design optimization for large-m 11B4C-based Ni/Ti supermirror neutron optics\",\"authors\":\"Sjoerd Stendahl , Naureen Ghafoor , Anton Zubayer , Marcus Lorentzon , Alexei Vorobiev , Jens Birch , Fredrik Eriksson\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113061\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>State-of-the-art Ni/Ti supermirror neutron optics have limited reflected intensity and a restricted neutron energy range due to the interface width. Incorporating low-neutron-absorbing <sup>11</sup>B<sub>4</sub>C enhances reflectivity and allows for thinner layers to be deposited, with which more efficient supermirrors with higher m-values can be realized. However, incorporating <sup>11</sup>B<sub>4</sub>C reduces the optical contrast, limiting the attainable reflectivity at low scattering vectors, making this approach infeasible. This study explores various approaches to optimize the material design of <sup>11</sup>B<sub>4</sub>C-containing Ni/Ti supermirrors to maintain high reflectivity at low scattering vectors and achieve low interface widths at large scattering vectors. The scattering length density contrast versus interface width is investigated for multilayer periods of 30 Å, 48 Å, and 84 Å, for designs involving pure Ni/Ti multilayers, multilayers with <sup>11</sup>B<sub>4</sub>C co-deposited in Ni and Ti layers, multilayers with <sup>11</sup>B<sub>4</sub>C co-deposited only in Ni layers, and multilayers with <sup>11</sup>B<sub>4</sub>C as thin interlayers between Ni and Ti layers. Our results suggest that a depth-graded hybrid material design by incorporating <sup>11</sup>B<sub>4</sub>C inside the Ni and Ti layers, below approximately 26 Å, and introducing 1.5 Å <sup>11</sup>B<sub>4</sub>C interlayers between the thicker Ni and Ti layers can achieve a higher reflectivity than state-of-the-art Ni/Ti multilayers over the entire scattering vector range.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":383,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Materials & Design\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":7.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-05-31\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127524004350/pdfft?md5=e101285e046385d49c8d85be9d3bcbfc&pid=1-s2.0-S0264127524004350-main.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Materials & Design\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"88\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127524004350\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"材料科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Materials & Design","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127524004350","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
最先进的镍/钛超镜中子光学器件的反射强度有限,而且由于界面宽度的原因,中子能量范围也受到限制。加入低中子吸收率的 11B4C 可提高反射率,使沉积层更薄,从而实现更高效、更高 m 值的超反射镜。然而,加入 11B4C 会降低光学对比度,限制低散射矢量下可达到的反射率,从而使这种方法变得不可行。本研究探讨了优化含 11B4C 的镍/钛超反射镜材料设计的各种方法,以便在低散射矢量时保持高反射率,在大散射矢量时实现低界面宽度。我们研究了 30 Å、48 Å 和 84 Å 多层周期的散射长度密度与界面宽度的对比,设计涉及纯 Ni/Ti 多层、在 Ni 和 Ti 层中共沉积 11B4C 的多层、仅在 Ni 层中共沉积 11B4C 的多层以及在 Ni 和 Ti 层之间以薄夹层形式沉积 11B4C 的多层。我们的研究结果表明,在镍层和钛层中加入 11B4C 的深度分级混合材料设计(低于约 26 Å),并在较厚的镍层和钛层之间引入 1.5 Å 的 11B4C 夹层,可以在整个散射矢量范围内获得比最先进的镍/钛多层材料更高的反射率。
Material design optimization for large-m 11B4C-based Ni/Ti supermirror neutron optics
State-of-the-art Ni/Ti supermirror neutron optics have limited reflected intensity and a restricted neutron energy range due to the interface width. Incorporating low-neutron-absorbing 11B4C enhances reflectivity and allows for thinner layers to be deposited, with which more efficient supermirrors with higher m-values can be realized. However, incorporating 11B4C reduces the optical contrast, limiting the attainable reflectivity at low scattering vectors, making this approach infeasible. This study explores various approaches to optimize the material design of 11B4C-containing Ni/Ti supermirrors to maintain high reflectivity at low scattering vectors and achieve low interface widths at large scattering vectors. The scattering length density contrast versus interface width is investigated for multilayer periods of 30 Å, 48 Å, and 84 Å, for designs involving pure Ni/Ti multilayers, multilayers with 11B4C co-deposited in Ni and Ti layers, multilayers with 11B4C co-deposited only in Ni layers, and multilayers with 11B4C as thin interlayers between Ni and Ti layers. Our results suggest that a depth-graded hybrid material design by incorporating 11B4C inside the Ni and Ti layers, below approximately 26 Å, and introducing 1.5 Å 11B4C interlayers between the thicker Ni and Ti layers can achieve a higher reflectivity than state-of-the-art Ni/Ti multilayers over the entire scattering vector range.
期刊介绍:
Materials and Design is a multi-disciplinary journal that publishes original research reports, review articles, and express communications. The journal focuses on studying the structure and properties of inorganic and organic materials, advancements in synthesis, processing, characterization, and testing, the design of materials and engineering systems, and their applications in technology. It aims to bring together various aspects of materials science, engineering, physics, and chemistry.
The journal explores themes ranging from materials to design and aims to reveal the connections between natural and artificial materials, as well as experiment and modeling. Manuscripts submitted to Materials and Design should contain elements of discovery and surprise, as they often contribute new insights into the architecture and function of matter.