美国工作场所的过劳及带薪休假和弹性工作政策的使用情况

IF 3.2 2区 社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY
Youngjoo Cha , Rebecca K. Grady
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在当今的工作场所,员工对允许时间灵活性的政策(如带薪休假、时间表变更、在家工作)表达了强烈的愿望,但即使员工拥有这些政策,其利用率也很低。我们认为,强调长时间工作的职业规范是理解这一难题的关键。通过使用 2011 年美国时间使用调查(2017-2018 年版本为补充)休假模块中的个人层面数据,以及从 O*NET 和美国社区调查中构建的职业层面数据,我们发现,在 "过劳"(定义为每周工作 50 小时或以上)发生率较高的职业中工作的人使用带薪休假的可能性较低。在弹性工作政策方面,我们发现无子女男性、父亲和无子女女性也有相同的模式,但在 "过劳 "发生率较高的职业中,母亲更有可能使用弹性工作政策。我们的分解分析表明,相对于其他职业,专业和管理职业中普遍存在的过劳现象抵消了这些职业适合使用休假和弹性工作政策的大部分原因。这些研究结果表明,即使有相关政策,灵活工作政策的成功与否在很大程度上也取决于组织如何解决过劳问题。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Overwork and the use of paid leave and flexible work policies in U.S. workplaces

Employees in today's workplace express strong desire for policies allowing for temporal flexibility (e.g., paid time off, schedule change, working from home), yet these policies are underutilized even when employees have them. We argue that an occupational norm that emphasizes long work hours is a key to understanding this puzzle. Using individual-level data from the Leave Module of the 2011 American Time Use Survey (supplemented with the 2017–2018 version), matched with occupation-level data constructed from O*NET and the American Community Surveys, we show that individuals working in occupations with higher prevalence of “overwork” (defined by working 50 or more hours per week) are less likely to use paid leave. For flexible work policies, the same pattern is found for childless men, fathers, and childless women, but mothers are more likely to use them in occupations with higher prevalence of overwork. Our decomposition analysis shows that widespread overwork in professional and managerial occupations offsets much of what makes them amenable to the use of leave and flexible work policies, relative to other occupations. These findings suggest that even when policies are available, the success of flexible work policies largely depends on how organizations tackle the overwork norm.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.30
自引率
4.00%
发文量
0
审稿时长
65 days
期刊介绍: Social Science Research publishes papers devoted to quantitative social science research and methodology. The journal features articles that illustrate the use of quantitative methods in the empirical solution of substantive problems, and emphasizes those concerned with issues or methods that cut across traditional disciplinary lines. Special attention is given to methods that have been used by only one particular social science discipline, but that may have application to a broader range of areas.
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