实施城市绿化 3-30-300 规则的机遇和制约因素

IF 6 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
Danial Owen , Alice Fitch , David Fletcher , Julius Knopp , Gregor Levin , Kate Farley , Ellen Banzhaf , Marianne Zandersen , Gwendoline Grandin , Laurence Jones
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引用次数: 0

摘要

城市化和气候变化增加了对城市绿色和蓝色空间(GBS)的公平使用和可见性的需求,以促进城市的可持续性和复原力,改善居民的福祉。在本文中,我们在三个欧洲城市测试了新提出的实现公平绿化的准则--3-30-300 规则--的实施情况:巴黎大区(法国)、奥胡斯市政府(丹麦)和大戈里察(克罗地亚)。在这项分析中,每栋住宅楼至少要有三棵可观赏的树木,30% 的街区 GBS 覆盖率,以及 300 米范围内至少 1 公顷的 GBS。我们的研究结果表明,目前没有一个城市符合这三个要素中的任何一个,而且这三个城市在最符合哪些规则方面存在差异。在我们的实施过程中,所有城市都需要做出重大改变才能达到准则要求:巴黎有 12.6% 的面积、奥胡斯有 10% 的面积、大戈里察有 18.4% 的面积被改造为草地或树木覆盖,这对 10 万栋建筑和 90 万居民造成了影响。我们的研究讨论了每个城市的现有条件如何影响达到该规则的可行性,并借鉴全球已实施的创新型绿色建筑系统的实例,提出了未来实施此类准则的主要考虑因素。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Opportunities and constraints of implementing the 3–30–300 rule for urban greening

Urbanisation and climate change have increased the need for equitable access and visibility of urban green and blue spaces (GBS), to promote the sustainability and resilience of cities and to improve the well-being of their inhabitants. In this paper, we test an implementation of the newly proposed guideline to achieve equitable greening, the 3–30–300 rule, in three European cities: Paris Region (France), Aarhus Municipality (Denmark), and Grad Velika Gorica (Croatia). In this analysis, every residential building should have at least three viewable trees, 30 % neighbourhood GBS cover, and a GBS of at least 1 hectare within 300 m. Our results show that none of the cities currently meet any of these three components, and the three cities differed in which rules were most closely met. In our implementation, substantial changes were needed in all cities to meet the guidelines: 12.6 % of Paris, 10 % of Aarhus, and 18.4 % of Velika Gorica’s urban footprint were converted to grass or tree cover, with implications for >100,000 buildings and >900,000 inhabitants. Our study discusses how existing conditions in each city impacted the viability of meeting the rule and proposes key considerations for future implementations of such guidelines, drawing on examples of innovative GBS already implemented globally.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
11.70
自引率
12.50%
发文量
289
审稿时长
70 days
期刊介绍: Urban Forestry and Urban Greening is a refereed, international journal aimed at presenting high-quality research with urban and peri-urban woody and non-woody vegetation and its use, planning, design, establishment and management as its main topics. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening concentrates on all tree-dominated (as joint together in the urban forest) as well as other green resources in and around urban areas, such as woodlands, public and private urban parks and gardens, urban nature areas, street tree and square plantations, botanical gardens and cemeteries. The journal welcomes basic and applied research papers, as well as review papers and short communications. Contributions should focus on one or more of the following aspects: -Form and functions of urban forests and other vegetation, including aspects of urban ecology. -Policy-making, planning and design related to urban forests and other vegetation. -Selection and establishment of tree resources and other vegetation for urban environments. -Management of urban forests and other vegetation. Original contributions of a high academic standard are invited from a wide range of disciplines and fields, including forestry, biology, horticulture, arboriculture, landscape ecology, pathology, soil science, hydrology, landscape architecture, landscape planning, urban planning and design, economics, sociology, environmental psychology, public health, and education.
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