刑事司法系统在处理神经精神受损罪犯的诊断时面临的困境

I. Qc
{"title":"刑事司法系统在处理神经精神受损罪犯的诊断时面临的困境","authors":"I. Qc","doi":"10.15406/frcij.2020.08.00308","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The challenges for judicial education, for legal representatives representing those with neuropsychiatric impairments such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Tourette’s Disorder (TD), Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD), or a combination of such disorders, and for mental health expert witnesses are extensive. The potentially criminogenic effects of such conditions are recognised amongst some forensic psychiatrists and psychologists but they are misunderstood within the general community, the disorders are often under-diagnosed by mental health professionals, the conditions frequently exist in what may be a potentiating combination, and their effects on culpability for criminal offending can be subtle. This article outlines the essence of ASD, ADHD, TD, OCD and FASD, reviews their forensic relevance by reference to court judgments, and reflects on the need for enhanced awareness of the disorders within all sectors of the criminal justice system. It argues that these neuropsychiatric disorders constitute an area of specialist expertise foe forensic mental health experts, requiring particular and informed awareness of and capacity to communicate the complex ways in which such disorders can impair (in particular offenders in particular contexts) capacity to exercise reasoned judgment, to be aware of choices, to be conscious of the repercussions of conduct, to empathise with the situation of potential victims, and the need to control impulsivity. In addition, the capacity of persons with such disorders, as well as with their comorbidities, to cope in a custodial environment is identified an important issue deserving of informed analysis to assist humane assessment by sentencing courts.","PeriodicalId":150199,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Research & Criminology International Journal","volume":"4 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Dilemmas for the criminal justice system in dealing with diagnoses for neuropsychiatrically impaired offenders\",\"authors\":\"I. Qc\",\"doi\":\"10.15406/frcij.2020.08.00308\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"The challenges for judicial education, for legal representatives representing those with neuropsychiatric impairments such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Tourette’s Disorder (TD), Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD), or a combination of such disorders, and for mental health expert witnesses are extensive. The potentially criminogenic effects of such conditions are recognised amongst some forensic psychiatrists and psychologists but they are misunderstood within the general community, the disorders are often under-diagnosed by mental health professionals, the conditions frequently exist in what may be a potentiating combination, and their effects on culpability for criminal offending can be subtle. This article outlines the essence of ASD, ADHD, TD, OCD and FASD, reviews their forensic relevance by reference to court judgments, and reflects on the need for enhanced awareness of the disorders within all sectors of the criminal justice system. It argues that these neuropsychiatric disorders constitute an area of specialist expertise foe forensic mental health experts, requiring particular and informed awareness of and capacity to communicate the complex ways in which such disorders can impair (in particular offenders in particular contexts) capacity to exercise reasoned judgment, to be aware of choices, to be conscious of the repercussions of conduct, to empathise with the situation of potential victims, and the need to control impulsivity. In addition, the capacity of persons with such disorders, as well as with their comorbidities, to cope in a custodial environment is identified an important issue deserving of informed analysis to assist humane assessment by sentencing courts.\",\"PeriodicalId\":150199,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Forensic Research & Criminology International Journal\",\"volume\":\"4 8\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2020-04-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"1\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Forensic Research & Criminology International Journal\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.15406/frcij.2020.08.00308\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Forensic Research & Criminology International Journal","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.15406/frcij.2020.08.00308","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1

摘要

对于司法教育、代表自闭症(ASD)、注意力缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD)、抽动症(TD)、强迫症(OCD)和胎儿酒精中毒综合症(FASD)等神经精神障碍患者的法律代表以及心理健康专家证人而言,挑战是巨大的。一些法医精神病学家和心理学家认识到了这些病症的潜在犯罪影响,但在普通社区中却对其存在误解,精神卫生专业人员对这些病症的诊断往往不足,这些病症经常合并存在,可能会产生增效作用,而且它们对刑事犯罪罪责的影响可能是微妙的。本文概述了 ASD、ADHD、TD、强迫症和 FASD 的本质,参考法庭判决回顾了这些疾病的法医相关性,并反思了在刑事司法系统的所有部门中加强对这些疾病的认识的必要性。报告认为,这些神经精神障碍构成了法医精神健康专家的一个专业领域,需要他们对这些障碍(在特定情况下对特定罪犯而言)损害能力的复杂方式有特别知情的认识和沟通能力,这些能力包括行使合理判断的能力、对选择的认识、对行为后果的意识、对潜在受害者处境的同情,以及控制冲动的需要。此外,患有这类障碍的人及其合并症在监禁环境中的应对能力被确定为一个重要问题,值得进行知情分析,以协助判决法院进行人道评估。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Dilemmas for the criminal justice system in dealing with diagnoses for neuropsychiatrically impaired offenders
The challenges for judicial education, for legal representatives representing those with neuropsychiatric impairments such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Tourette’s Disorder (TD), Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD), or a combination of such disorders, and for mental health expert witnesses are extensive. The potentially criminogenic effects of such conditions are recognised amongst some forensic psychiatrists and psychologists but they are misunderstood within the general community, the disorders are often under-diagnosed by mental health professionals, the conditions frequently exist in what may be a potentiating combination, and their effects on culpability for criminal offending can be subtle. This article outlines the essence of ASD, ADHD, TD, OCD and FASD, reviews their forensic relevance by reference to court judgments, and reflects on the need for enhanced awareness of the disorders within all sectors of the criminal justice system. It argues that these neuropsychiatric disorders constitute an area of specialist expertise foe forensic mental health experts, requiring particular and informed awareness of and capacity to communicate the complex ways in which such disorders can impair (in particular offenders in particular contexts) capacity to exercise reasoned judgment, to be aware of choices, to be conscious of the repercussions of conduct, to empathise with the situation of potential victims, and the need to control impulsivity. In addition, the capacity of persons with such disorders, as well as with their comorbidities, to cope in a custodial environment is identified an important issue deserving of informed analysis to assist humane assessment by sentencing courts.
求助全文
通过发布文献求助,成功后即可免费获取论文全文。 去求助
来源期刊
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信