Interpersonal Communication Strategies to Increase Iron-Folic Acid Supplement Consumption: Reduction in Anemia Through Normative Innovations (RANI) Project.

More than half of women of reproductive age in India are anemic. This study investigates the role of interpersonal communication in increasing the consumption of iron-folic acid supplements. Interventions that increase interpersonal communication may influence and empower individuals and the larger community in promoting behavior change. This investigation uses data from a cluster randomized intervention to understand the pathways by which interpersonal communication mediates the consumption of iron-folic acid supplements. Longitudinal data from control and intervention arms in rural Odisha, India, were collected at baseline (N = 3,691) and 20 months later at end-line (N = 3,394). Structural equation models highlighted the positive role of interpersonal communication in mediating iron-folic acid supplement use. This study illustrates that even during social distancing due to COVID-19, strategic interpersonal communication can improve iron-folic acid supplement use. Our results elucidate two key interpersonal communication pathways at play, namely the ritualistic and instrumental pathways in improving health behavior change in the community.