Zulfiia E. Afridonova, Anna P. Toptygina, Ilya S. Mikhaylov
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引用次数: 0
摘要
摘要 新型冠状病毒感染大流行已持续 3 年多,SARS-CoV-2 的 S 蛋白仍频繁发生变异,并出现新的病毒变种,导致新的疾病爆发。在所有冠状病毒蛋白中,S 蛋白和 N 蛋白的免疫原性最强。本研究的目的是比较与 SARS-CoV-2 S 和 N 蛋白有不同相互作用史的人对该病毒的体液免疫和 T 细胞免疫反应的特点。研究对象包括:27 名接种过一次 COVID-19 的人,23 名接种过两次 Sputnik V 疫苗但未接种过 COVID-19 的人,22 名接种过 COVID-19 并在病后 6-12 个月接种过两次 Sputnik V 疫苗的人,以及 25 名接种过两次 COVID-19 的人。抗体水平通过酶免疫测定法测定,细胞免疫则通过识别 SARS-CoV-2 抗原后 CD8high 淋巴细胞上 CD107a 的表达进行评估。结果表明,对 N 蛋白的体液免疫反应主要是由短效浆细胞合成所有四个亚类的 IgG 抗体形成的,并逐渐从 IgG3 转向 IgG1。对 S 蛋白的反应在开始时由短寿命浆细胞形成(IgG1 和 IgG3 亚类),然后由长寿命浆细胞形成(IgG1 亚类)。短寿命浆细胞合成的抗体水平的动态变化用费雪方程来描述,而长寿命浆细胞合成的抗体水平的变化用厄朗方程来描述。混合免疫组的抗体水平超过了接种后免疫组;突破免疫组的抗体含量最高。对 S 蛋白和 N 蛋白的细胞免疫因免疫应答诱导方式(疫苗接种或疾病)的不同而不同。重要的是,异源 CD8+ T 细胞对其他冠状病毒 N 蛋白的反应可能参与了对 SARS-CoV-2 的免疫防御。
Humoral and Cellular Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 S and N Proteins
The pandemic of a new coronavirus infection that has lasted for more than 3 years, is still accompanied by frequent mutations in the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 and emergence of new virus variants causing new disease outbreak. Of all coronaviral proteins, the S and N proteins are the most immunogenic. The aim of this study was to compare the features of the humoral and T-cell immune responses to the SARS-CoV-2 S and N proteins in people with different histories of interaction with this virus. The study included 27 individuals who had COVID-19 once, 23 people who were vaccinated twice with the Sputnik V vaccine and did not have COVID-19, 22 people who had COVID-19 and were vaccinated twice with Sputnik V 6-12 months after the disease, and 25 people who had COVID-19 twice. The level of antibodies was determined by the enzyme immunoassay, and the cellular immunity was assessed by the expression of CD107a on CD8high lymphocytes after recognition of SARS-CoV-2 antigens. It was shown that the humoral immune response to the N protein was formed mainly by short-lived plasma cells synthesizing IgG antibodies of all four subclasses with a gradual switch from IgG3 to IgG1. The response to the S protein was formed by short-lived plasma cells at the beginning of the response (IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses) and then by long-lived plasma cells (IgG1 subclass). The dynamics of antibody level synthesized by the short-lived plasma cells was described by the Fisher equation, while changes in the level of antibodies synthesized by the long-lived plasma cells were described by the Erlang equation. The level of antibodies in the groups with the hybrid immunity exceeded that in the group with the post-vaccination immunity; the highest antibody content was observed in the group with the breakthrough immunity. The cellular immunity to the S and N proteins differed depending on the mode of immune response induction (vaccination or disease). Importantly, the response of heterologous CD8+ T cell to the N proteins of other coronaviruses may be involved in the immune defense against SARS-CoV-2.
期刊介绍:
Biochemistry (Moscow) is the journal that includes research papers in all fields of biochemistry as well as biochemical aspects of molecular biology, bioorganic chemistry, microbiology, immunology, physiology, and biomedical sciences. Coverage also extends to new experimental methods in biochemistry, theoretical contributions of biochemical importance, reviews of contemporary biochemical topics, and mini-reviews (News in Biochemistry).