Nearly 14-Fold Increased Risk of Manipulation Under Anesthesia After Total Knee Arthroplasty When Previous Contralateral Total Knee Arthroplasty Required Manipulation Under Anesthesia

Background

Stiffness remains a common complication after primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) is the gold standard treatment for early postoperative stiffness; however, there remains a paucity of data on the risk of MUA after primary TKA if a prior contralateral TKA required MUA.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of 3,102 patients who had staged primary TKAs between 2016 and 2021. The mean body mass index was 33 (range, 18 to 59) and the mean age was 67 years (range, 24 to 91). The mean preoperative range of motion for the first TKA was 2 to 104°, and for the contralateral TKA was 1 to 107°. The primary outcomes were MUA following first and second primary TKAs. Multivariable Poisson regressions were used to evaluate associations between risk factors and outcomes.

Results

The rate of MUA after the first TKA was 2.6% (n = 83 of 3,102) and 1.3% (n = 40 of 3,102) after the contralateral TKA. After adjustment, there was a nearly 14-fold higher rate of MUA after the second TKA if the patient had an MUA after the first TKA (relative risk, 13.80; 95% CI [confidence interval], 7.14 to 26.66). For the first TKA, increasing age (adjusted risk ratio [ARR], 0.65; 95% CI, 0.50 to 0.83) and increasing body mass index (ARR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.90) were associated with lower risk for MUA. For the second TKA, increasing age was associated with a lower risk of MUA (ARR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.80).

Conclusions

For patients undergoing staged bilateral TKA, patients who undergo MUA following the first primary TKA are nearly 14-fold more likely to undergo an MUA following the contralateral primary TKA than those who did not have an MUA after their first TKA.