Orbital subperiosteal abscess in adolescents and adults: predictors and outcomes of nonsurgical management and surgical approaches.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess predictors and outcomes of subperiosteal abscess (SPA) management in adolescents and adults at two tertiary care centers.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included cases of SPA from January 1 2000 to October 9 2022 at two institutions. Patients 9 years or older were categorized into surgical and nonsurgical cohorts. Surgical subgroups included those who underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) alone, external (transcutaneous or transconjunctival) orbitotomy alone, or combined FESS and external surgery. The presented features were assessed as potential treatment predictors. Outcomes included length of stay (LOS), final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), readmission rate, and reoperation rate.

Results: Of the 159 SPA cases included, 127 (79.9%) underwent surgery and 32 (20.1%) were managed nonsurgically. The nonsurgical cohort was younger (p = .003) with smaller abscesses (p < .001) that were more likely to be medial (p < .001). The nonsurgical cohort had shorter LOS (p < .001); final BCVA and readmission rates were similarly favorable. Abscess location was correlated with surgical approach. Superior SPA that underwent FESS or external surgery alone had higher reoperation rates (57.1.0% and 58.3%, respectively) than combined (17.9%). External approach and FESS alone resulted in lower reoperation rates (15.4% and 15.0%, respectively) than combined (27.3%) for medial SPA. Subgroup analysis in the sinusitis cohort yielded similar results.

Conclusions: A trial of nonsurgical management may be safe and effective for select patients aged 9 years and older with sinusitis-derived, medial, and small SPA. When surgery is indicated, approach should be guided by abscess location to minimize reoperation risk.