监管之后，吡虫啉在非目标野生动物体内的存活率和氟吡脲在非目标野生动物体内的存活率都有所提高。

IF 3.6 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-05-31 DOI:10.1002/etc.5892

Simon G. English, Christine A. Bishop, Matthias Bieber, John E. Elliott

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引用次数: 0

摘要

在对杀虫剂进行监管后，确定其在环境中的持久性是衡量这些措施有效性的重要指标。2021 年 4 月，在加拿大对高丛蓝莓使用吡虫啉进行管制前后，我们对蜂鸟泄殖腔液、蜜蜂（Apis mellifera）花蜜和蜂蜜以及野花等非作物非目标介质中的两种系统性杀虫剂--新烟碱类（吡虫啉、啶虫脒、噻虫嗪、噻虫啉和噻虫嗪）和丁烯内酯类（氟吡脲）--的浓度进行了量化。我们发现，在对吡虫啉实施管制后，蜂鸟泄殖腔液、花蜜和花朵样本中的平均农药总负荷量有所增加。平均而言，我们没有发现监管后吡虫啉浓度下降的证据。不过，根据具体介质、取样时间点和地点类型的不同，吡虫啉的浓度有的降低，有的升高，还有的没有变化。同时，我们发现氟吡虫隆、啶虫脒、噻虫嗪和噻虫啉的浓度总体上有所上升，但噻虫啉的浓度没有变化。特别是在 2021 年吡虫啉规定实施后，在农业区附近的生物群采样中观察到的蜜蜂花蜜中氟啶虫脲浓度增加了 2 倍，蜂鸟泄殖腔液中增加了 7 倍，花朵中增加了 8 倍。在蜜蜂花蜜中检测到的最高残留量是氟吡脲，为 665 纳克/毫升（十亿分之一 [ppb]）。蜂蜜样品中的平均农药总含量最高（84 ± 10 ppb），其次是花蜜（56 ± 7 ppb），然后是蜂鸟泄殖腔液（1.8 ± 0.5 ppb），最少的是花朵（0.51 ± 0.06 ppb）。我们的研究结果突出表明，对吡虫啉的有限管制并不能立即降低残留浓度，而其他系统性杀虫剂（可能是替代化合物）在野生动物体内的残留浓度会同时增加。环境毒物化学 2024；00：1-12。© 2024 作者。环境毒理学与化学》由 Wiley Periodicals LLC 代表 SETAC 出版。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

Following Regulation, Imidacloprid Persists and Flupyradifurone Increases in Nontarget Wildlife

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Following Regulation, Imidacloprid Persists and Flupyradifurone Increases in Nontarget Wildlife

After regulation of pesticides, determination of their persistence in the environment is an important indicator of effectiveness of these measures. We quantified concentrations of two types of systemic insecticides, neonicotinoids (imidacloprid, acetamiprid, clothianidin, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam) and butenolides (flupyradifurone), in off-crop nontarget media of hummingbird cloacal fluid, honey bee (Apis mellifera) nectar and honey, and wildflowers before and after regulation of imidacloprid on highbush blueberries in Canada in April 2021. We found that mean total pesticide load increased in hummingbird cloacal fluid, nectar, and flower samples following imidacloprid regulation. On average, we did not find evidence of a decrease in imidacloprid concentrations after regulation. However, there were some decreases, some increases, and other cases with no changes in imidacloprid levels depending on the specific media, time point of sampling, and site type. At the same time, we found an overall increase in flupyradifurone, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, and thiacloprid but no change in clothianidin concentrations. In particular, flupyradifurone concentrations observed in biota sampled near agricultural areas increased twofold in honey bee nectar, sevenfold in hummingbird cloacal fluid, and eightfold in flowers after the 2021 imidacloprid regulation. The highest residue detected was flupyradifurone at 665 ng/mL (parts per billion [ppb]) in honey bee nectar. Mean total pesticide loads were highest in honey samples (84 ± 10 ppb), followed by nectar (56 ± 7 ppb), then hummingbird cloacal fluid (1.8 ± 0.5 ppb), and least, flowers (0.51 ± 0.06 ppb). Our results highlight that limited regulation of imidacloprid does not immediately reduce residue concentrations, while other systemic insecticides, possibly replacement compounds, concurrently increase in wildlife. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1497–1508. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.

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来源期刊

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 环境科学-毒理学

CiteScore

7.40

自引率

9.80%

发文量

265

审稿时长

3.4 months

期刊介绍： The Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) publishes two journals: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (ET&C) and Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management (IEAM). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry is dedicated to furthering scientific knowledge and disseminating information on environmental toxicology and chemistry, including the application of these sciences to risk assessment.[...] Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry is interdisciplinary in scope and integrates the fields of environmental toxicology; environmental, analytical, and molecular chemistry; ecology; physiology; biochemistry; microbiology; genetics; genomics; environmental engineering; chemical, environmental, and biological modeling; epidemiology; and earth sciences. ET&C seeks to publish papers describing original experimental or theoretical work that significantly advances understanding in the area of environmental toxicology, environmental chemistry and hazard/risk assessment. Emphasis is given to papers that enhance capabilities for the prediction, measurement, and assessment of the fate and effects of chemicals in the environment, rather than simply providing additional data. The scientific impact of papers is judged in terms of the breadth and depth of the findings and the expected influence on existing or future scientific practice. Methodological papers must make clear not only how the work differs from existing practice, but the significance of these differences to the field. Site-based research or monitoring must have regional or global implications beyond the particular site, such as evaluating processes, mechanisms, or theory under a natural environmental setting.