野生动物的抗药性:表观遗传学的启示

IF 3.5 2区 生物学 Q1 EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
Mariana Villalba de la Peña, Ilkka Kronholm
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引用次数: 0

摘要

对抗菌药产生抗药性的细菌和真菌菌株的传播对人类、动物和植物的健康构成了严重威胁。抗菌药耐药性主要是在临床环境中调查发现的。然而,在整个进化史中,野生微生物都会遇到抗菌物质,迫使它们进化出对抗抗菌作用的策略。众所周知,其中许多策略都是基于遗传机制,但这并不能完全解释抗菌反应的重要方面,如抗药性的快速发展、可逆表型和异种抗药性。因此,人们将注意力转向了表观遗传学途径,这些途径可能会为抗菌机制提供更多的见解。本综述旨在探讨赋予抗菌药耐药性的表观遗传机制,重点关注可能与野生抗药性相关的机制。首先,我们研究了抗菌素在自然环境中的存在。然后,我们描述了记录在案的细菌和真菌中与抗菌素耐药性相关的表观遗传机制,并讨论了创新的表观遗传编辑技术,以确定这方面的因果关系。最后,我们讨论了这些表观遗传机制与野外抗菌药耐药性进化动态的相关性,强调了引物在适应过程中的关键作用。我们强调有必要将非遗传机制纳入我们对抗菌药耐药性进化的理解中。这些机制为我们了解自然生态系统中抗菌适应的动态提供了宝贵的见解。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Antimicrobial resistance in the wild: Insights from epigenetics

Antimicrobial resistance in the wild: Insights from epigenetics

Spreading of bacterial and fungal strains that are resistant to antimicrobials poses a serious threat to the well-being of humans, animals, and plants. Antimicrobial resistance has been mainly investigated in clinical settings. However, throughout their evolutionary history microorganisms in the wild have encountered antimicrobial substances, forcing them to evolve strategies to combat antimicrobial action. It is well known that many of these strategies are based on genetic mechanisms, but these do not fully explain important aspects of the antimicrobial response such as the rapid development of resistance, reversible phenotypes, and hetero-resistance. Consequently, attention has turned toward epigenetic pathways that may offer additional insights into antimicrobial mechanisms. The aim of this review is to explore the epigenetic mechanisms that confer antimicrobial resistance, focusing on those that might be relevant for resistance in the wild. First, we examine the presence of antimicrobials in natural settings. Then we describe the documented epigenetic mechanisms in bacteria and fungi associated with antimicrobial resistance and discuss innovative epigenetic editing techniques to establish causality in this context. Finally, we discuss the relevance of these epigenetic mechanisms on the evolutionary dynamics of antimicrobial resistance in the wild, emphasizing the critical role of priming in the adaptation process. We underscore the necessity of incorporating non-genetic mechanisms into our understanding of antimicrobial resistance evolution. These mechanisms offer invaluable insights into the dynamics of antimicrobial adaptation within natural ecosystems.

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来源期刊
Evolutionary Applications
Evolutionary Applications 生物-进化生物学
CiteScore
8.50
自引率
7.30%
发文量
175
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: Evolutionary Applications is a fully peer reviewed open access journal. It publishes papers that utilize concepts from evolutionary biology to address biological questions of health, social and economic relevance. Papers are expected to employ evolutionary concepts or methods to make contributions to areas such as (but not limited to): medicine, agriculture, forestry, exploitation and management (fisheries and wildlife), aquaculture, conservation biology, environmental sciences (including climate change and invasion biology), microbiology, and toxicology. All taxonomic groups are covered from microbes, fungi, plants and animals. In order to better serve the community, we also now strongly encourage submissions of papers making use of modern molecular and genetic methods (population and functional genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenetics, quantitative genetics, association and linkage mapping) to address important questions in any of these disciplines and in an applied evolutionary framework. Theoretical, empirical, synthesis or perspective papers are welcome.
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