Maarten van Eerden, Jasper van Gastel, Gerard J. Bauhuis, Elias Vlieg, John J. Schermer
{"title":"增强砷化镓太阳能电池中光子再循环的电介质/金属镜理论筛选","authors":"Maarten van Eerden, Jasper van Gastel, Gerard J. Bauhuis, Elias Vlieg, John J. Schermer","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2024.112931","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dielectrics are often employed for high-reflectivity mirrors in semiconductor devices, since they leverage total internal reflection to reduce optical losses at semiconductor/metal interfaces. In this work, we investigate the impact of a range of dielectrics (ZnS, Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, SiO<sub>2</sub>, MgF<sub>2</sub>, air) on mirror reflectivity, photon recycling probability and open-circuit voltage (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>o</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) in thin-film GaAs solar cells with Au- or Ag-based mirrors. The impact of transition metal adhesion layers is investigated, as well as the influence of the dielectric and active layer thickness. It is found that the <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>o</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> benefit of using a dielectric/metal mirror compared to a bare metal mirror (<span><math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi><msub><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>o</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>) is small (<span><math><mo>≤</mo></math></span>10 mV) when the internal luminescent efficiency <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>η</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> is lower than 0.95 for all mirror architectures investigated. Only in very-high-quality cells, <span><math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi><msub><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>o</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> becomes significant, reaching <span><math><mo>∼</mo></math></span>30 mV at <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>η</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> <span><math><mo>=</mo></math></span> 1 when using a 250-nm air-gap to enhance the reflectivity of a lossy Au mirror. This shows that dielectric/metal rear mirrors only provide significant <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>o</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> benefits when <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>η</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> is very close to unity. Furthermore, we find that for lossy mirrors, transition metal adhesion layers do not have a strong impact on <span><math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi><msub><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>o</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>, while for highly reflective mirrors like Ag, adhesion layers thicker than 1 nm are found to be detrimental to the already small <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>o</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> gains. Lastly, <span><math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi><msub><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>o</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> is shown to be higher in cells with thinner active layers and in cells with planar compared to textured mirrors. In textured cells, however, the short-circuit current density and thereby the power conversion efficiency are affected more strongly by incorporating a dielectric into the rear mirror.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927024824002435/pdfft?md5=d307c9eeedbcfd62144c6489b38b883c&pid=1-s2.0-S0927024824002435-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Theoretical screening of dielectric/metal mirrors for enhanced photon recycling in GaAs solar cells\",\"authors\":\"Maarten van Eerden, Jasper van Gastel, Gerard J. Bauhuis, Elias Vlieg, John J. Schermer\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.solmat.2024.112931\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Dielectrics are often employed for high-reflectivity mirrors in semiconductor devices, since they leverage total internal reflection to reduce optical losses at semiconductor/metal interfaces. In this work, we investigate the impact of a range of dielectrics (ZnS, Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, SiO<sub>2</sub>, MgF<sub>2</sub>, air) on mirror reflectivity, photon recycling probability and open-circuit voltage (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>o</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) in thin-film GaAs solar cells with Au- or Ag-based mirrors. The impact of transition metal adhesion layers is investigated, as well as the influence of the dielectric and active layer thickness. It is found that the <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>o</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> benefit of using a dielectric/metal mirror compared to a bare metal mirror (<span><math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi><msub><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>o</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>) is small (<span><math><mo>≤</mo></math></span>10 mV) when the internal luminescent efficiency <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>η</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> is lower than 0.95 for all mirror architectures investigated. Only in very-high-quality cells, <span><math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi><msub><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>o</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> becomes significant, reaching <span><math><mo>∼</mo></math></span>30 mV at <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>η</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> <span><math><mo>=</mo></math></span> 1 when using a 250-nm air-gap to enhance the reflectivity of a lossy Au mirror. This shows that dielectric/metal rear mirrors only provide significant <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>o</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> benefits when <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>η</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> is very close to unity. Furthermore, we find that for lossy mirrors, transition metal adhesion layers do not have a strong impact on <span><math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi><msub><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>o</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>, while for highly reflective mirrors like Ag, adhesion layers thicker than 1 nm are found to be detrimental to the already small <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>o</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> gains. Lastly, <span><math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi><msub><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>o</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> is shown to be higher in cells with thinner active layers and in cells with planar compared to textured mirrors. In textured cells, however, the short-circuit current density and thereby the power conversion efficiency are affected more strongly by incorporating a dielectric into the rear mirror.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":429,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":6.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-05-29\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927024824002435/pdfft?md5=d307c9eeedbcfd62144c6489b38b883c&pid=1-s2.0-S0927024824002435-main.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"88\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927024824002435\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"材料科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ENERGY & FUELS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927024824002435","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENERGY & FUELS","Score":null,"Total":0}
Theoretical screening of dielectric/metal mirrors for enhanced photon recycling in GaAs solar cells
Dielectrics are often employed for high-reflectivity mirrors in semiconductor devices, since they leverage total internal reflection to reduce optical losses at semiconductor/metal interfaces. In this work, we investigate the impact of a range of dielectrics (ZnS, Si3N4, Al2O3, SiO2, MgF2, air) on mirror reflectivity, photon recycling probability and open-circuit voltage () in thin-film GaAs solar cells with Au- or Ag-based mirrors. The impact of transition metal adhesion layers is investigated, as well as the influence of the dielectric and active layer thickness. It is found that the benefit of using a dielectric/metal mirror compared to a bare metal mirror () is small (10 mV) when the internal luminescent efficiency is lower than 0.95 for all mirror architectures investigated. Only in very-high-quality cells, becomes significant, reaching 30 mV at 1 when using a 250-nm air-gap to enhance the reflectivity of a lossy Au mirror. This shows that dielectric/metal rear mirrors only provide significant benefits when is very close to unity. Furthermore, we find that for lossy mirrors, transition metal adhesion layers do not have a strong impact on , while for highly reflective mirrors like Ag, adhesion layers thicker than 1 nm are found to be detrimental to the already small gains. Lastly, is shown to be higher in cells with thinner active layers and in cells with planar compared to textured mirrors. In textured cells, however, the short-circuit current density and thereby the power conversion efficiency are affected more strongly by incorporating a dielectric into the rear mirror.
期刊介绍:
Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells is intended as a vehicle for the dissemination of research results on materials science and technology related to photovoltaic, photothermal and photoelectrochemical solar energy conversion. Materials science is taken in the broadest possible sense and encompasses physics, chemistry, optics, materials fabrication and analysis for all types of materials.