{"title":"使用不同碳氧比的农业废料生物炭还原铁矿石","authors":"Ajcharapa Chuanchai , Keng-Tung Wu , In-Gann Chen , Shih-Hsien Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jtice.2024.105573","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>During iron production ferric oxide is reduced to iron, with carbon used as the reducing agent. Traditionally, coke was used as the carbon component, which became a crucial raw material in the iron and steel industry after the industrial revolution. However, coke is the most significant contributor to CO<sub>2</sub> emissions due to the source of heat and reducing agent. Thus, shifting to low carbon energy systems, such as those based on biomass, is challenging. Therefore, in this study, we employed the mushroom cultivation residue char (MCRC) as a reducing agent to investigate the feasibility of replacing coke in the production of metallic iron.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>After carbonization at different temperatures (500 °C, 700 °C and 900 °C), mushroom cultivation residue char (MCRC), were used as a reducing agent in the production of metallic iron. To create the composite pellets, the MCRCs were individually mixed with iron ore at different carbon to oxygen ratios (C/O) (0.7, 0.8 and 0.9) and 1 % of bentonite. The reduction process was undergoing in the electric muffle furnace at different high temperatures (1,000 °C, 1,200 °C and 1,300 °C) to investigate the biomass C/O ratios required for efficient iron production.</p></div><div><h3>Significant findings</h3><p>The results show that 0.8 was selected as the optimal C/O ratio for mushroom cultivation residue char (MCRC) to be used as a reducing agent. Its metallization rate can reach 31.99 %. The results also indicate that the carbon and volatiles in MCRC play a key role in iron making production using such biochar pellets. In conclusion, MCRC can be used as a reducing agent to increase the sustainability of iron production and reduce agricultural waste.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Iron ore reduction using agricultural waste biochar with different carbon to oxygen ratios\",\"authors\":\"Ajcharapa Chuanchai , Keng-Tung Wu , In-Gann Chen , Shih-Hsien Liu\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.jtice.2024.105573\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>During iron production ferric oxide is reduced to iron, with carbon used as the reducing agent. Traditionally, coke was used as the carbon component, which became a crucial raw material in the iron and steel industry after the industrial revolution. However, coke is the most significant contributor to CO<sub>2</sub> emissions due to the source of heat and reducing agent. Thus, shifting to low carbon energy systems, such as those based on biomass, is challenging. Therefore, in this study, we employed the mushroom cultivation residue char (MCRC) as a reducing agent to investigate the feasibility of replacing coke in the production of metallic iron.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>After carbonization at different temperatures (500 °C, 700 °C and 900 °C), mushroom cultivation residue char (MCRC), were used as a reducing agent in the production of metallic iron. To create the composite pellets, the MCRCs were individually mixed with iron ore at different carbon to oxygen ratios (C/O) (0.7, 0.8 and 0.9) and 1 % of bentonite. The reduction process was undergoing in the electric muffle furnace at different high temperatures (1,000 °C, 1,200 °C and 1,300 °C) to investigate the biomass C/O ratios required for efficient iron production.</p></div><div><h3>Significant findings</h3><p>The results show that 0.8 was selected as the optimal C/O ratio for mushroom cultivation residue char (MCRC) to be used as a reducing agent. Its metallization rate can reach 31.99 %. The results also indicate that the carbon and volatiles in MCRC play a key role in iron making production using such biochar pellets. In conclusion, MCRC can be used as a reducing agent to increase the sustainability of iron production and reduce agricultural waste.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":381,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":5.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-05-29\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"5\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876107024002311\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"工程技术\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876107024002311","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
Iron ore reduction using agricultural waste biochar with different carbon to oxygen ratios
Background
During iron production ferric oxide is reduced to iron, with carbon used as the reducing agent. Traditionally, coke was used as the carbon component, which became a crucial raw material in the iron and steel industry after the industrial revolution. However, coke is the most significant contributor to CO2 emissions due to the source of heat and reducing agent. Thus, shifting to low carbon energy systems, such as those based on biomass, is challenging. Therefore, in this study, we employed the mushroom cultivation residue char (MCRC) as a reducing agent to investigate the feasibility of replacing coke in the production of metallic iron.
Methods
After carbonization at different temperatures (500 °C, 700 °C and 900 °C), mushroom cultivation residue char (MCRC), were used as a reducing agent in the production of metallic iron. To create the composite pellets, the MCRCs were individually mixed with iron ore at different carbon to oxygen ratios (C/O) (0.7, 0.8 and 0.9) and 1 % of bentonite. The reduction process was undergoing in the electric muffle furnace at different high temperatures (1,000 °C, 1,200 °C and 1,300 °C) to investigate the biomass C/O ratios required for efficient iron production.
Significant findings
The results show that 0.8 was selected as the optimal C/O ratio for mushroom cultivation residue char (MCRC) to be used as a reducing agent. Its metallization rate can reach 31.99 %. The results also indicate that the carbon and volatiles in MCRC play a key role in iron making production using such biochar pellets. In conclusion, MCRC can be used as a reducing agent to increase the sustainability of iron production and reduce agricultural waste.
期刊介绍:
Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers (formerly known as Journal of the Chinese Institute of Chemical Engineers) publishes original works, from fundamental principles to practical applications, in the broad field of chemical engineering with special focus on three aspects: Chemical and Biomolecular Science and Technology, Energy and Environmental Science and Technology, and Materials Science and Technology. Authors should choose for their manuscript an appropriate aspect section and a few related classifications when submitting to the journal online.