{"title":"眼部化妆品配方对眼睛的影响。","authors":"Shruti Vinod Sabhahit, Mahesh Babu, Dixitha V","doi":"10.1080/15569527.2024.2360735","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study the ocular effects seen among eye cosmetic wearers in the Indian Population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted on female participants who had fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A detailed history was obtained and thorough ophthalmic evaluation was done. Mann Whitney <i>U</i> test was used. Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS. <i>p</i> < .05 was taken as the level of statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among a total of 225 participants in our study, the mean age was 24.23 ± 1.8, which comprised of young student females. Majority of the females used one eye cosmetic with Kajal (<i>n</i> = 156) being the most predominant. Most frequently encountered symptom upon using eye cosmetics was watering from eyes and ocular pain was the least encountered symptom. Anterior segment examination showed- allergic conjunctivitis and meibomian gland dysfunction being the most and least predominant, respectively. Our study highlights that Kajal predisposes the eyes to significant ocular morbidity with <i>p</i> = .039 for dry eye disease, <i>p</i> = .041 for allergic conjunctivitis, <i>p</i> = .036 for conjunctival pigmentation. Prolonged use of such formulations for more than 4 times a week (<i>p</i> = .046) or even daily (<i>p</i> = .031) for a duration of either 1-5 years (<i>p</i> = .033) or greater than 5 years (<i>p</i> = .027) was found to be statistically significant in causing ocular signs. Non removal of eye cosmetics at the end of the day was significant in causing allergic conjunctivitis (<i>p</i> = .035) and conjunctival pigmentation (<i>p</i> = .021). Plain tap water has been found to be the least effective technique in the removal of such ocular cosmetics with a statistical significance of <i>p</i> = .031 in causing ocular signs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Eye cosmetics are a significant contributor to the development of ocular surface diseases. Removal of products along with decreased usage seems to be a significant contributor in dampening unwanted adverse effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":11023,"journal":{"name":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Ocular effects of eye cosmetic formulations.\",\"authors\":\"Shruti Vinod Sabhahit, Mahesh Babu, Dixitha V\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/15569527.2024.2360735\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study the ocular effects seen among eye cosmetic wearers in the Indian Population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted on female participants who had fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A detailed history was obtained and thorough ophthalmic evaluation was done. Mann Whitney <i>U</i> test was used. Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS. <i>p</i> < .05 was taken as the level of statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among a total of 225 participants in our study, the mean age was 24.23 ± 1.8, which comprised of young student females. Majority of the females used one eye cosmetic with Kajal (<i>n</i> = 156) being the most predominant. Most frequently encountered symptom upon using eye cosmetics was watering from eyes and ocular pain was the least encountered symptom. Anterior segment examination showed- allergic conjunctivitis and meibomian gland dysfunction being the most and least predominant, respectively. Our study highlights that Kajal predisposes the eyes to significant ocular morbidity with <i>p</i> = .039 for dry eye disease, <i>p</i> = .041 for allergic conjunctivitis, <i>p</i> = .036 for conjunctival pigmentation. Prolonged use of such formulations for more than 4 times a week (<i>p</i> = .046) or even daily (<i>p</i> = .031) for a duration of either 1-5 years (<i>p</i> = .033) or greater than 5 years (<i>p</i> = .027) was found to be statistically significant in causing ocular signs. Non removal of eye cosmetics at the end of the day was significant in causing allergic conjunctivitis (<i>p</i> = .035) and conjunctival pigmentation (<i>p</i> = .021). Plain tap water has been found to be the least effective technique in the removal of such ocular cosmetics with a statistical significance of <i>p</i> = .031 in causing ocular signs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Eye cosmetics are a significant contributor to the development of ocular surface diseases. Removal of products along with decreased usage seems to be a significant contributor in dampening unwanted adverse effects.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":11023,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-09-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569527.2024.2360735\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2024/6/5 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"OPHTHALMOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569527.2024.2360735","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/6/5 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"OPHTHALMOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
目的研究印度人群中眼部化妆品佩戴者对眼部的影响:这项横断面研究的对象是符合纳入和排除标准的女性参与者。研究人员详细询问了参与者的病史,并进行了全面的眼科评估。采用曼-惠特尼 U 检验。采用 IBM SPSS 进行统计分析,以 p 为统计显著性水平:在总共 225 名参与者中,平均年龄为(24.23±1.8)岁,其中包括年轻的女学生。大多数女性使用一种眼部化妆品,其中以 Kajal(n = 156)为主。使用眼部化妆品时最常出现的症状是眼睛流泪,而眼睛疼痛是最少出现的症状。眼前节检查显示,过敏性结膜炎和睑板腺功能障碍分别是最主要和最不主要的症状。我们的研究结果表明,Kajal 容易导致严重的眼部疾病,干眼症的发病率为 p = 0.039,过敏性结膜炎的发病率为 p = 0.041,结膜色素沉着的发病率为 p = 0.036。长期使用此类配方,每周超过 4 次(p = 0.046),甚至每天使用(p = 0.031),持续 1-5 年(p = 0.033)或 5 年以上(p = 0.027),会导致眼部症状,这在统计学上有显著意义。每天下班后不卸除眼部化妆品会导致过敏性结膜炎(p = 0.035)和结膜色素沉着(p = 0.021)。研究发现,普通自来水是去除此类眼部化妆品效果最差的技术,在导致眼部症状方面的统计学意义为 p = 0.031:结论:眼部化妆品是导致眼表疾病的重要因素。结论:眼部化妆品是导致眼表疾病的重要因素,清除产品并减少使用似乎是减少不必要的不良影响的一个重要因素。
Objective: To study the ocular effects seen among eye cosmetic wearers in the Indian Population.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on female participants who had fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A detailed history was obtained and thorough ophthalmic evaluation was done. Mann Whitney U test was used. Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS. p < .05 was taken as the level of statistical significance.
Results: Among a total of 225 participants in our study, the mean age was 24.23 ± 1.8, which comprised of young student females. Majority of the females used one eye cosmetic with Kajal (n = 156) being the most predominant. Most frequently encountered symptom upon using eye cosmetics was watering from eyes and ocular pain was the least encountered symptom. Anterior segment examination showed- allergic conjunctivitis and meibomian gland dysfunction being the most and least predominant, respectively. Our study highlights that Kajal predisposes the eyes to significant ocular morbidity with p = .039 for dry eye disease, p = .041 for allergic conjunctivitis, p = .036 for conjunctival pigmentation. Prolonged use of such formulations for more than 4 times a week (p = .046) or even daily (p = .031) for a duration of either 1-5 years (p = .033) or greater than 5 years (p = .027) was found to be statistically significant in causing ocular signs. Non removal of eye cosmetics at the end of the day was significant in causing allergic conjunctivitis (p = .035) and conjunctival pigmentation (p = .021). Plain tap water has been found to be the least effective technique in the removal of such ocular cosmetics with a statistical significance of p = .031 in causing ocular signs.
Conclusions: Eye cosmetics are a significant contributor to the development of ocular surface diseases. Removal of products along with decreased usage seems to be a significant contributor in dampening unwanted adverse effects.
期刊介绍:
Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology is an international, peer-reviewed journal that covers all types of harm to cutaneous and ocular systems. Areas of particular interest include pharmaceutical and medical products; consumer, personal care, and household products; and issues in environmental and occupational exposures.
In addition to original research papers, reviews and short communications are invited, as well as concise, relevant, and critical reviews of topics of contemporary significance.