[减少烟草使用危害对公共卫生意味着什么]。

Revista espanola de salud publica Pub Date : 2024-05-28
Javier Ayesta, Armando Peruga, Aarón Rebollar, Noa Rey, Andrés Zamorano, Susana Verdejo, Javier Panero, Julio César Doncel, Andrea Martín, Eva Mª Pérez-Sacristán
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引用次数: 0

摘要

减少危害是一个经典的公共卫生概念,指的是减少毒品使用/滥用的负面影响,注重正义和人权,但烟草行业多年来一直在歪曲这一概念,并将其用作自身营销的工具。本出版物详细介绍了针对烟草使用的真正减害行动是什么、应在何时实施以及应以哪些支柱为基础。减少烟草和尼古丁危害的不同方法经过了长期的尝试和测试,但效果不佳;因此,建议将通过各种官方认可的方法戒烟作为优先目标,使用真正有科学依据的工具。与此相反,该报告还解释了烟草行业制定的策略,即操纵消费者,让他们依赖最终会杀死他们的产品:从过滤嘴香烟发展到淡味香烟,从薄荷烟发展到香精烟。在所有这些案例中,他们都虚假地引导人们相信他们开发的产品毒性较低,但事实并非如此。如今,淡味香烟和薄荷香烟在西班牙都被禁止,过滤嘴不仅没有降低风险,反而增加了使用量,而 Vape 则试图以其诱人的口味和健康产品的虚假传说取代香烟,而它们真正在做的是通过改变对象、鼓励双重使用和吸引越来越年轻的非吸烟者来维持同样的瘾。与此同时,还制定了分化卫生专业人员意见的策略,利用公认存在利益冲突的医生和研究人员来混淆消费者的视听。总之,我们认为,尽管尼古丁释放装置在某些特殊情况下可能是有用的元素,但我们不建议在大众层面上使用,因为它们可能会促进发病,阻止戒烟,并保持成瘾能力。唯一值得推荐的尼古丁产品是那些经批准用于该病例的药理用途产品,而且必须将其作为彻底戒烟的过渡工具。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
[What does Harm Reduction in Tobacco Use means to Public Health].

Harm reduction is a classic Public Health concept to refer to the reduction of the negative effect of drug use/abuse with a focus on justice and human rights, but the tobacco industry has been perverting this concept for years and using it as a tool for its own marketing. This publication details what real harm reduction action on tobacco use would be, when it should be implemented, and what pillars it should be based on. Different methods of reducing the harmful effects of tobacco and nicotine have been tried and tested over time, but the results have been poor; therefore, smoking cessation by the various officially recognised methods is recommended as a priority objective, using the tools that are truly supported by science. In contrast, it also explains the strategies developed by the industry to manipulate consumers and make them dependent on products that can eventually kill them: from the development of filtered cigarettes to light cigarettes, and from menthol to flavoured vapes. In all cases, they have falsely led people to believe that they were developing less toxic products when they were not. Nowadays, both light and menthol cigarettes are banned in Spain, filters have not reduced risk but increased the use, and vapes try to replace cigarettes with their attractive flavours and their false legend of healthier products when what they are really doing is maintaining the same addiction by changing the object, encouraging dual use, and attracting younger and younger non-smokers. At the same time, a strategy of dividing the opinion of health professionals has been developed, using medical doctors and researchers with recognised conflicts of interest but who manage to confuse consumers. In conclusion, we consider that, although nicotine releasing devices may be useful elements in some particular cases, they are not recommended at the population level as they can promote onset, prevent cessation, as well as maintaining the addictive capacity. The only nicotine products that are recommended are those of pharmacological use approved for the case and provided they are used as a transitional tool to complete cessation.

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