Ruixiang Zhang , Nan Chai , Taoli Liu , Zhiye Zheng , Qiupeng Lin , Xianrong Xie , Jun Wen , Zi Yang , Yao-Guang Liu , Qinlong Zhu
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引用次数: 0
摘要
CRISPR效应器种类繁多,如Cas3、Cas9和Cas12a,通常被用作基因编辑工具。其中,基于II类V型蛋白开发的Cas12效应子与II类VI型和II型效应子相比,具有明显的特点,如产生非等位DNA双链断裂的能力、结构紧凑以及存在单个RuvC样核酸酶结构域。利用这些优势,Cas12 家族蛋白近年来得到了越来越多的探索和利用。然而,V 型蛋白家族中不同亚家族的特点和应用尚未得到系统总结。在这篇综述中,我们重点介绍了 V 型效应蛋白(CRISPR/Cas12)的特点以及目前用于发现新效应蛋白的方法。我们还总结了基于 V 型效应蛋白工程学的最新改造。此外,我们还介绍了 V 型效应蛋白在动植物基因编辑方面的应用,包括碱基编辑器的开发、基因表达调控工具、基因靶向方法和生物传感器。我们强调了 CRISPR/Cas12 效应子的开发和应用前景,目的是更好地利用基于该蛋白家族的工具包来改良作物和提高农业产量。
The type V effectors for CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome engineering in plants
A plethora of CRISPR effectors, such as Cas3, Cas9, and Cas12a, are commonly employed as gene editing tools. Among these, Cas12 effectors developed based on Class II type V proteins exhibit distinct characteristics compared to Class II type VI and type II effectors, such as their ability to generate non-allelic DNA double-strand breaks, their compact structures, and the presence of a single RuvC-like nuclease domain. Capitalizing on these advantages, Cas12 family proteins have been increasingly explored and utilized in recent years. However, the characteristics and applications of different subfamilies within the type V protein family have not been systematically summarized. In this review, we focus on the characteristics of type V effector (CRISPR/Cas12) proteins and the current methods used to discover new effector proteins. We also summarize recent modifications based on engineering of type V effectors. In addition, we introduce the applications of type V effectors for gene editing in animals and plants, including the development of base editors, tools for regulating gene expression, methods for gene targeting, and biosensors. We emphasize the prospects for development and application of CRISPR/Cas12 effectors with the goal of better utilizing toolkits based on this protein family for crop improvement and enhanced agricultural production.
期刊介绍:
Biotechnology Advances is a comprehensive review journal that covers all aspects of the multidisciplinary field of biotechnology. The journal focuses on biotechnology principles and their applications in various industries, agriculture, medicine, environmental concerns, and regulatory issues. It publishes authoritative articles that highlight current developments and future trends in the field of biotechnology. The journal invites submissions of manuscripts that are relevant and appropriate. It targets a wide audience, including scientists, engineers, students, instructors, researchers, practitioners, managers, governments, and other stakeholders in the field. Additionally, special issues are published based on selected presentations from recent relevant conferences in collaboration with the organizations hosting those conferences.