Amulya Ichegiri, Kshitij Kodolikar, Vaibhavi Bagade, Mrunal Selukar, Tuli Dey
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引用次数: 0
摘要
线粒体作为真核细胞的内共生体,控制着多种细胞活动,包括呼吸、活性氧生成、脂肪酸合成和死亡。虽然大多数功能性线粒体蛋白都是通过细胞核控制的过程翻译的,但只有极少数(10%)的线粒体蛋白是通过线粒体自身的机制翻译的。线粒体和核 DNA 的种系突变和体细胞突变对线粒体的稳态和功能有重大影响。这种干扰线粒体生物生成、新陈代谢或有丝分裂的改变最终导致了细胞病理生理学。在本章中,我们讨论了线粒体及其功能障碍对癌症、糖尿病、神经退行性疾病和心血管问题等几种非传染性疾病的影响。线粒体功能障碍及其结果可通过目前可用的基于组学的技术、流式细胞术和高分辨率成像进行筛查。这些特征可作为潜在的生物标志物来评估疾病负担和预后。
Mitochondria: A source of potential biomarkers for non-communicable diseases.
Mitochondria, as an endosymbiont of eukaryotic cells, controls multiple cellular activities, including respiration, reactive oxygen species production, fatty acid synthesis, and death. Though the majority of functional mitochondrial proteins are translated through a nucleus-controlled process, very few of them (∼10%) are translated within mitochondria through their own machinery. Germline and somatic mutations in mitochondrial and nuclear DNA significantly impact mitochondrial homeostasis and function. Such modifications disturbing mitochondrial biogenesis, metabolism, or mitophagy eventually resulted in cellular pathophysiology. In this chapter, we discussed the impact of mitochondria and its dysfunction on several non-communicable diseases like cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular problems. Mitochondrial dysfunction and its outcome could be screened by currently available omics-based techniques, flow cytometry, and high-resolution imaging. Such characterization could be evaluated as potential biomarkers to assess the disease burden and prognosis.