Coordination-based synthesis of Fe single-atom anchored nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibrous membrane for CO2 electroreduction with nearly 100 % CO selectivity

Carbon-based materials with single-atom (SA) transition metals coordinated with nitrogen (M-N_x) have attracted extensive attention due to their superior electrochemical CO₂ reduction reaction (CO₂RR) performance. However, the uncontrolled recombination of metal atoms during the typical high-temperature synthesis process in M-N_x causes deterioration of CO₂RR activity. Herein, by using electrospinning, we propose a novel strategy for constructing a highly active and selective SA Fe-modified N-doped porous carbon fiber membrane catalyst (Fe-N-CF). This carbon membrane has an interconnected three-dimensional structure and a hierarchical porous structure, which can not only confine Fe to be single atom as active centers, but also provide a diffusion channel for CO₂ molecules. Relying on its special structure and stable mechanical properties, Fe-N-CF is directly used for CO₂RR, which presents an excellent selectivity (CO Faradaic efficiency of 97 %) and stability. DFT calculations reveals that the synthesized Fe-N₄-C can significantly reduce the energy barrier for intermediate COOH* formation and CO desorption. This work highlights the specific advantages of using electrospinning method to prepare the optimal SA catalysts.