Shubham Dhaka , Shipra Lakshmi , Narendra Ojha , Andrea Pozzer , Amit Sharma
{"title":"通过高分辨率建模得出的印度西部上空颗粒物的区域和跨区域人为来源的比例","authors":"Shubham Dhaka , Shipra Lakshmi , Narendra Ojha , Andrea Pozzer , Amit Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2024.100268","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Elevated concentrations of particulate matter (PM) significantly deteriorate the air quality; however, the contributions from regional versus remote anthropogenic sources have remained uncertain over the western Indian region. In this regard, we have performed high-resolution regional modeling (WRF-Chem v3.9.1) to quantify the contribution of regional versus trans-regional anthropogenic sources to PM<sub>2.5</sub> (fine PM) and PM<sub>2.5-10</sub> (coarse PM) concentrations in contrasting seasons. Seasonal variability in spatial mean Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) derived from the WRF-Chem model (0.21–0.42) agreed reasonably with MERRA-2 reanalysis (0.29–0.54) and MODIS satellite (0.23–0.51) over western India. Variability in surface PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> concentrations were also reproduced as per the benchmarks (|Fractional Bias| ≤ 60% and |Fractional Error| ≤ 75%) at most of the stations in this region. Results from sensitivity simulations reveal the dominant contribution of both regional and trans-regional anthropogenic sources to PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations over western India in winter and post-monsoon, when PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations are generally high. On the other hand, contribution from background levels (due to domain-wide natural emissions, fire emissions and pollutant transport from beyond domain boundaries) is highest during pre-monsoon and monsoon with a significant contribution of mineral dust especially to PM<sub>2.5-10</sub> (coarse PM). Analysis of PM spatial distribution at ∼900hpa pressure level reveals greater relative contributions of trans-regional emissions and background levels compared to that near the surface. Our study highlights key roles of trans-regional anthropogenic emissions and mineral dust, besides the local and regional emissions, in air pollution over western India. The quantitative analyses presented here would be useful for designing measures to minimize health and environmental impacts in line with the objectives of the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) in India.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37150,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100268"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590162124000352/pdfft?md5=9ff69358f76bdae9b60f7c673779f6c2&pid=1-s2.0-S2590162124000352-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Contribution of regional versus trans-regional anthropogenic sources to the particulate matter over western India derived from high-resolution modeling\",\"authors\":\"Shubham Dhaka , Shipra Lakshmi , Narendra Ojha , Andrea Pozzer , Amit Sharma\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2024.100268\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Elevated concentrations of particulate matter (PM) significantly deteriorate the air quality; however, the contributions from regional versus remote anthropogenic sources have remained uncertain over the western Indian region. In this regard, we have performed high-resolution regional modeling (WRF-Chem v3.9.1) to quantify the contribution of regional versus trans-regional anthropogenic sources to PM<sub>2.5</sub> (fine PM) and PM<sub>2.5-10</sub> (coarse PM) concentrations in contrasting seasons. Seasonal variability in spatial mean Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) derived from the WRF-Chem model (0.21–0.42) agreed reasonably with MERRA-2 reanalysis (0.29–0.54) and MODIS satellite (0.23–0.51) over western India. Variability in surface PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> concentrations were also reproduced as per the benchmarks (|Fractional Bias| ≤ 60% and |Fractional Error| ≤ 75%) at most of the stations in this region. Results from sensitivity simulations reveal the dominant contribution of both regional and trans-regional anthropogenic sources to PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations over western India in winter and post-monsoon, when PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations are generally high. On the other hand, contribution from background levels (due to domain-wide natural emissions, fire emissions and pollutant transport from beyond domain boundaries) is highest during pre-monsoon and monsoon with a significant contribution of mineral dust especially to PM<sub>2.5-10</sub> (coarse PM). Analysis of PM spatial distribution at ∼900hpa pressure level reveals greater relative contributions of trans-regional emissions and background levels compared to that near the surface. Our study highlights key roles of trans-regional anthropogenic emissions and mineral dust, besides the local and regional emissions, in air pollution over western India. The quantitative analyses presented here would be useful for designing measures to minimize health and environmental impacts in line with the objectives of the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) in India.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":37150,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Atmospheric Environment: X\",\"volume\":\"22 \",\"pages\":\"Article 100268\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-04-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590162124000352/pdfft?md5=9ff69358f76bdae9b60f7c673779f6c2&pid=1-s2.0-S2590162124000352-main.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Atmospheric Environment: X\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590162124000352\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Atmospheric Environment: X","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590162124000352","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Contribution of regional versus trans-regional anthropogenic sources to the particulate matter over western India derived from high-resolution modeling
Elevated concentrations of particulate matter (PM) significantly deteriorate the air quality; however, the contributions from regional versus remote anthropogenic sources have remained uncertain over the western Indian region. In this regard, we have performed high-resolution regional modeling (WRF-Chem v3.9.1) to quantify the contribution of regional versus trans-regional anthropogenic sources to PM2.5 (fine PM) and PM2.5-10 (coarse PM) concentrations in contrasting seasons. Seasonal variability in spatial mean Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) derived from the WRF-Chem model (0.21–0.42) agreed reasonably with MERRA-2 reanalysis (0.29–0.54) and MODIS satellite (0.23–0.51) over western India. Variability in surface PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were also reproduced as per the benchmarks (|Fractional Bias| ≤ 60% and |Fractional Error| ≤ 75%) at most of the stations in this region. Results from sensitivity simulations reveal the dominant contribution of both regional and trans-regional anthropogenic sources to PM2.5 concentrations over western India in winter and post-monsoon, when PM2.5 concentrations are generally high. On the other hand, contribution from background levels (due to domain-wide natural emissions, fire emissions and pollutant transport from beyond domain boundaries) is highest during pre-monsoon and monsoon with a significant contribution of mineral dust especially to PM2.5-10 (coarse PM). Analysis of PM spatial distribution at ∼900hpa pressure level reveals greater relative contributions of trans-regional emissions and background levels compared to that near the surface. Our study highlights key roles of trans-regional anthropogenic emissions and mineral dust, besides the local and regional emissions, in air pollution over western India. The quantitative analyses presented here would be useful for designing measures to minimize health and environmental impacts in line with the objectives of the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) in India.
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