工业中心空气污染造成的公共健康风险指数趋势

V. Kislitsyna, D. Surzhikov, Yu. S. Likontseva, V. A. Shtaiger
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引用次数: 0

摘要

导言。在工业化地区和城市,大气空气污染极大地危害着公众健康。本研究旨在评估新库兹涅茨克市 2017-2022 年的大气空气质量状况,并确定其对公众健康的危害程度。材料和方法有关大气排放总量和物质年均浓度的数据来自克麦罗沃州和新库兹涅茨克市的环境状况报告。大气污染物的最高允许浓度是根据 SanPiN 1.2.3685-21 确定的。公众健康风险的计算是根据 P 2.1.10.1920-04 号准则进行的。风险等级的划分依据 MR 2.1.10.0156-19 进行。2.1.10.结果。从 2017 年到 2022 年,大气排放总量减少了 5.01 万吨(约 16%)。与此同时,苯并(a)芘(3.5-11.2 倍)、甲醛(2021 年和 2022 年分别为 1.7 倍和 3.4 倍)、悬浮物质(2021 年和 2022 年分别为 1.6 倍和 2.0 倍)、氟化氢(2021 年为 1.2 倍)、二氧化氮(2022 年为 1.6 倍)的年均最大允许浓度出现超标。苯并(a)芘的危害系数为 3.5-11.2(非致癌风险水平高);甲醛和悬浮物质--1.1-3.0(警戒水平)。2022 年,甲醛的危害系数为 3.4(高风险水平),悬浮物质为 2.0,二氧化氮为 1.6(警戒风险水平)。检测到的污染物危害指数在 7.0 至 20.1 之间(高风险水平)。主要的关键器官和系统是免疫系统(危险指数为 4.0-14.6)、儿童发育(危险指数 - 3.5-11.2)、呼吸器官(危险指数 - 3.0-8.6)。这些风险水平从惊人到很高不等。2021 年的个人总致癌风险(1.6-10-4)最高(警戒水平),主要来自甲醛。局限性。2022 年没有关于碳(烟尘)浓度的数据,因此不能认为这一年的总致癌风险水平是正确的。结论。由于城市大气中仍存在高浓度污染物,因此减少大气排放总量对改善环境状况和公众健康的效果并不显著。在实施空气保护措施时,有必要考虑风险标准。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Trend in indices of public health risk caused by air pollution in an industrial center
Introduction. In industrialized regions and cities, atmospheric air pollution greatly contributes to the hazard for public health. The study aim was to assess the state of the atmospheric air in the city of Novokuznetsk over 2017–2022 and determine the levels of risks to public health. Materials and methods. Data on gross atmospheric emissions and average annual concentrations of the substances was taken from the reports on the state of the environment of the Kemerovo region and Novokuznetsk. Maximum permissible concentrations of atmospheric pollutants were determined according to SanPiN 1.2.3685–21. Calculations of the risks to public health were carried out in accordance with Guideline P 2.1.10.1920–04. The classification of risk levels was carried out on the basis of MR 2.1.10.0156–19. 2.1.10. Results. Decrease in total atmospheric emissions from 2017 to 2022 amounted to 50.1 thousand tons (about 16%). At the same time, there was revealed an excess of the average annual maximum permissible concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene (3.5-11.2 times); formaldehyde (1.7 and 3.4 times over 2021 and 2022, respectively); suspended substances (1.6 and 2.0 times in 2021 and 2022, respectively); hydrogen fluoride (1.2 times in 2021); nitrogen dioxide (1.6 times in 2022). The hazard coefficients of benzo(a)pyrene were 3.5–11.2 (high level of non-carcinogenic risk); formaldehyde and suspended substances – 1.1–3.0 (alarming level). In 2022, the hazard coefficient for formaldehyde was 3.4 (high risk level), suspended substances – 2.0, nitrogen dioxide – 1.6 (alarming risk level). Hazard indices of pollutants were detected in the range from 7.0 to 20.1 (high level of risk). The main critical organs and systems were the immune system (hazard indices were 4.0–14.6), development during childhood (hazard indices – 3.5–11.2), respiratory organs (hazard indices – 3.0–8.6). These risk levels range from alarming to high. The highest total individual carcinogenic risk (1.6•10–4) was determined in 2021 (alarming level), the main contribution is made by formaldehyde. Limitations. In 2022, there were no data on carbon (soot) concentrations, so the level of total carcinogenic risk this year cannot be considered to be correct. Conclusion. Reducing the total volume of atmospheric emissions does not provide a significant effect on improving the environmental situation and public health, since high concentrations of pollutants remain in the city’s atmosphere. When implementing air protection measures, it is necessary to take into account risk criteria.
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