惠特拉姆时代的原住民自决、土地权和认可:为权力分享和代表权奠定基础

IF 0.6 4区 社会学 Q1 HISTORY
Diana Perche
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引用次数: 0

摘要

惠特拉姆工党政府(1972-1975 年)因放弃了长期以来坚持的 "同化",转向 "自决",开创了土著事务的新纪元而为世人所铭记。新政府打算利用联邦在 1967 年宪法公投中确立的新立法权来推行一系列改革,以回应土著领袖、活动家和支持者在过去十年中提出的一致要求。惠特拉姆在竞选演说中承诺制定反歧视立法、允许原住民社区合并的条款以及土地使用权制度立法。政府在政治上遇到了相当大的障碍,最终限制了雄心勃勃的改革议程。尽管如此,这些将代表权、认可和补偿概念化的初步努力为当前继《乌鲁鲁心灵声明》之后有关 "声音、条约、真相 "的公开辩论奠定了重要基础。本文通过伍德沃德原住民土地权利委员会(Woodward Aboriginal Land Rights Commission)的开创性工作,以及建立资源充足的土地理事会作为北部地区原住民的权威和合法代表来探讨自决问题。惠特拉姆政府愿意在敏感的土地所有权领域进行权力分享试验,这为今天与原住民的真正接触提供了一个宝贵的原型,因为澳大利亚正在考虑围绕 "议会之声 "的立宪公投是否会失败。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Aboriginal Self-determination, Land Rights, and Recognition in the Whitlam Era: Laying Groundwork for Power Sharing and Representation

The Whitlam Labor government (1972–75) is remembered for ushering in a new era in Indigenous affairs, with the move to “self-determination”, abandoning the longstanding insistence on “assimilation”. The new government intended to deploy the Commonwealth's new legislative power established in the 1967 constitutional referendum to bring in a range of reforms, responding to consistent demands from Indigenous leaders, activists, and supporters through the previous decade. Whitlam's campaign speech promised anti-discrimination legislation, provisions to allow Aboriginal communities to incorporate, and legislation of a system of land tenure. The government faced considerable political obstacles, ultimately curbing the ambitious reform agenda. Nevertheless, these initial efforts to conceptualise representation, recognition, and compensation laid important foundations for the current public debate about “Voice, Treaty, Truth”, following the Uluru Statement from the Heart. This paper explores self-determination through the path-breaking work of the Woodward Aboriginal Land Rights Commission and the establishment of well-resourced land councils as authoritative and legitimate representatives of Aboriginal people in the Northern Territory. The Whitlam government's willingness to experiment with power-sharing in the sensitive area of land ownership provided a valuable prototype for genuine engagement with First Nations people today, as Australia contemplates the failure of the constitutional referendum around a Voice to parliament.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.60
自引率
12.50%
发文量
59
期刊介绍: The Australian Journal of Politics and History presents papers addressing significant problems of general interest to those working in the fields of history, political studies and international affairs. Articles explore the politics and history of Australia and modern Europe, intellectual history, political history, and the history of political thought. The journal also publishes articles in the fields of international politics, Australian foreign policy, and Australia relations with the countries of the Asia-Pacific region.
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