用于固定脂肪酶的磁性氧化铁纳米材料:有望用于生物柴油生产的工业催化剂

IF 3.8 3区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL
Catalysts Pub Date : 2024-05-22 DOI:10.3390/catal14060336
Farid Hajareh Haghighi, Roya Binaymotlagh, C. Palocci, L. Chronopoulou
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引用次数: 0

摘要

生物柴油是脂肪酸烷基酯(FAAEs)的混合物,主要通过甘油三酯和短链醇在化学催化剂(如 KOH、NaOH)催化下发生酯交换反应生成。脂肪酶辅助酶法酯交换反应被提出来克服化学合成的缺点,如能耗高、从反应混合物中分离催化剂成本高以及在产品分离和纯化过程中产生大量废水。然而,该工艺的主要缺点之一是酶成本高。近年来,纳米固定化脂肪酶在设计用于生物柴油生产的强效工业生物催化剂方面受到广泛关注。为了提高脂肪酶的催化效率,磁性纳米颗粒(MNPs)作为多功能脂肪酶载体引起了越来越多的关注,这是因为它们具有独特的性能,如高表面体积比和高酶载量、低成本、耐化学和微生物降解、生物相容性和生态友好性、用于大规模生产的标准合成方法,以及最重要的磁性,这为在工艺结束时通过施加外部磁场轻松分离固定化脂肪酶提供了可能性。为了制备这种有效的磁性纳米载体,人们开发了各种表面功能化方法,以固定各种具有重要工业价值的脂肪酶。固定化通常可提高脂肪酶在较宽 pH 值和温度范围内的化学热稳定性,还可改变其催化性能。此外,不同的脂肪酶可以被共同固定在同一个纳米载体上,这是提高生物柴油产量的一种非常有效的策略,特别是对于那些含有异构游离脂肪酸(FFAs)的原料。本综述将介绍使用磁性氧化铁纳米结构(MNPs)固定脂肪酶催化酯交换反应以生产生物柴油的最新进展。内容包括:(1) 用于磁性纳米粒子支撑的常见有机改性剂;(2) 用于生物柴油生产的改性 MNPs 脂肪酶催化剂的最新研究。将重点介绍纳米载体的固定化程序和表面功能化。此外,还将讨论这些纳米生物催化剂的主要特征,如酶活性、可重复使用性、耐热性和耐 pH 值。还为今后的研究提供了从可持续性角度优化生物柴油生产的视角和主要考虑因素。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanomaterials for Lipase Immobilization: Promising Industrial Catalysts for Biodiesel Production
Biodiesel is a mixture of fatty acid alkyl esters (FAAEs) mainly produced via transesterification reactions among triglycerides and short-chain alcohols catalyzed by chemical catalysts (e.g., KOH, NaOH). Lipase-assisted enzymatic transesterification has been proposed to overcome the drawbacks of chemical synthesis, such as high energy consumption, expensive separation of the catalyst from the reaction mixture and production of large amounts of wastewater during product separation and purification. However, one of the main drawbacks of this process is the enzyme cost. In recent years, nano-immobilized lipases have received extensive attention in the design of robust industrial biocatalysts for biodiesel production. To improve lipase catalytic efficiency, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have attracted growing interest as versatile lipase carriers, owing to their unique properties, such as high surface-to-volume ratio and high enzyme loading capacity, low cost and inertness against chemical and microbial degradation, biocompatibility and eco-friendliness, standard synthetic methods for large-scale production and, most importantly, magnetic properties, which provide the possibility for the immobilized lipase to be easily separated at the end of the process by applying an external magnetic field. For the preparation of such effective magnetic nano-supports, various surface functionalization approaches have been developed to immobilize a broad range of industrially important lipases. Immobilization generally improves lipase chemical-thermal stability in a wide pH and temperature range and may also modify its catalytic performance. Additionally, different lipases can be co-immobilized onto the same nano-carrier, which is a highly effective strategy to enhance biodiesel yield, specifically for those feedstocks containing heterogeneous free fatty acids (FFAs). This review will present an update on the use of magnetic iron oxide nanostructures (MNPs) for lipase immobilization to catalyze transesterification reactions for biodiesel production. The following aspects will be covered: (1) common organic modifiers for magnetic nanoparticle support and (2) recent studies on modified MNPs-lipase catalysts for biodiesel production. Aspects concerning immobilization procedures and surface functionalization of the nano-supports will be highlighted. Additionally, the main features that characterize these nano-biocatalysts, such as enzymatic activity, reusability, resistance to heat and pH, will be discussed. Perspectives and key considerations for optimizing biodiesel production in terms of sustainability are also provided for future studies.
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来源期刊
Catalysts
Catalysts CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL-
CiteScore
6.80
自引率
7.70%
发文量
1330
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Catalysts (ISSN 2073-4344) is an international open access journal of catalysts and catalyzed reactions. Catalysts publishes reviews, regular research papers (articles) and short communications. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. Therefore, there is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced.
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