Ethical considerations in companion animal care: Examining the consequences of rabies in an unvaccinated Boerboel dog and implications for animal welfare policies

This case investigates and documents the occurrence of rabies in an unvaccinated 4‐month‐old Boerboel dog in Ebonyi State, Nigeria, emphasising the ethical considerations and implications for existing animal welfare policies. Despite Nigeria enacting the Animal Diseases (Control) Act, 2022, cases of rabies persist, contributing to thousands of human rabies cases annually. The legal framework highlights the ethical responsibilities of pet owners, mandating annual rabies vaccinations and holding owners accountable for their pets' actions. This case report details the dog's behavioural changes, subsequent euthanasia and laboratory confirmation of rabies. Investigations reveal gaps in vaccination compliance with challenges in community cooperation for free vaccination initiatives. The case highlights the global significance of rabies control, highlighting the ethical responsibilities of pet owners, emphasises the consequences of rabies, and advocates for strengthened policies and improved compliance to effectively combat rabies and protect both animal and human welfare in Nigeria.