Beliefs about raw milk production and consumption and their relationship with health in Miraflores, Boyacá, Colombia

The consumption of raw milk in Colombia continues despite the regulations issued to standardize or prohibit it. In the municipality where this study was carried out, more than 90% of the population chooses to consume this product, being at potential risk of acquiring diseases. The objective of this study was to understand the beliefs surrounding the production and consumption of raw milk and its relationship with health. It was carried out in 2020. Ethnography was used as a method of data collection and analysis. It was found that this phenomenon is related to the economy, identity, and ecology and is a central axis and articulator of various socio-cultural activities. It is guided by traditional production practices that do not fully respect biosafety and hygiene. Furthermore, the consumption of raw milk is socially approved and is the result of a social construction that arose independently of the physicochemical and microbiological properties of raw milk. Furthermore, local and national government regulators are not interested in this productive sector or in the consequences that their practices may have on the health of consumers. Thus, the responsibility for the consumption of raw milk and the possible acquisition of diseases passes from the food industry to the consumer. It is up to each consumer to make raw milk a safe food.