Accurate and precise in situ determination of beryllium contents in beryllium minerals using ablation spot size of 13 μm by LA–ICP–MS

Beryllium is a strategically critical metal, and its accurate in situ analysis in beryllium minerals is challenging in the field of earth science. High spatial resolution is also a difficult point in the analysis. A new analysis approach for the accurate and precise determination of beryllium contents in beryl using an ablation spot size of 13 μm by LA–ICP–MS was first achieved in this study. The control variables were used to optimise the instrument conditions and determine the laser ablation parameters suitable for determining beryl under an ablation spot size of 13 μm. The energy density was set at 5.5 J/cm² with a repetition rate of 4 Hz, and the ablation time was 50 s. A new concept, the Relative Fractionation Index (RFI), was proposed to measure fractionation and matrix effects. Two potential beryl reference substances (B4–2 and Brl-3) were also assessed by determining their homogeneity to further improve the measurement accuracy. Other common beryllium minerals, including phenakite, chrysoberyl, and herderite, were identified in this study. By comparing the RFI values of different minerals and reference materials, appropriate reference materials and determination conditions were selected, and ideal analysis results were obtained. Therefore, the accurate and precise determination of beryllium contents in common beryllium minerals was achieved using an ablation spot size of 13 μm by LA–ICP–MS.