生命早期微生物群对粘膜先天性免疫系统发育的影响

IF 7.4 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY
Aline Ignacio, Sonia Czyz, Kathy D. McCoy
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引用次数: 0

摘要

众所周知,肠道微生物群具有免疫调节能力,可影响多种细胞信号通路以维持宿主的平衡。虽然免疫系统的形成始于出生前的无菌环境,但新出现的文献表明,新生儿免疫系统受到第一波外部刺激的影响,其中包括来自母体微生物群的信号。第二波刺激开始于出生后,在新生儿期必须进行严格调节,因为宿主的定植与免疫系统的成熟同时发生,需要在建立对共生微生物群的耐受性与保持对致病入侵者的炎症反应之间进行微调。除了整合来自共生微生物的线索外,新生儿免疫系统还必须调节由其他环境信号(如饮食抗原)引发的反应。生命早期的这一 "机会之窗 "被认为对免疫系统的正常发育至关重要,它为成年后的免疫反应定下了基调,并能调节患慢性和代谢性炎症疾病的风险。在此,我们回顾了宿主与微生物群之间的相互作用对免疫系统发育和成熟的重要性,尤其是在生命早期,并着重介绍了参与这种交流的已知机制。讨论的重点是最近的数据显示微生物群介导的先天性免疫细胞教育及其在淋巴组织发育中的作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Early life microbiome influences on development of the mucosal innate immune system

The gut microbiota is well known to possess immunomodulatory capacities, influencing a multitude of cellular signalling pathways to maintain host homeostasis. Although the formation of the immune system initiates before birth in a sterile environment, an emerging body of literature indicates that the neonatal immune system is influenced by a first wave of external stimuli that includes signals from the maternal microbiota. A second wave of stimulus begins after birth and must be tightly regulated during the neonatal period when colonization of the host occurs concomitantly with the maturation of the immune system, requiring a fine adjustment between establishing tolerance towards the commensal microbiota and preserving inflammatory responses against pathogenic invaders. Besides integrating cues from commensal microbes, the neonatal immune system must also regulate responses triggered by other environmental signals, such as dietary antigens, which become more complex with the introduction of solid food during the weaning period. This “window of opportunity” in early life is thought to be crucial for the proper development of the immune system, setting the tone of subsequent immune responses in adulthood and modulating the risk of developing chronic and metabolic inflammatory diseases. Here we review the importance of host-microbiota interactions for the development and maturation of the immune system, particularly in the early-life period, highlighting the known mechanisms involved in such communication. This discussion is focused on recent data demonstrating microbiota-mediated education of innate immune cells and its role in the development of lymphoid tissues.

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来源期刊
Seminars in Immunology
Seminars in Immunology 医学-免疫学
CiteScore
11.40
自引率
1.30%
发文量
50
审稿时长
89 days
期刊介绍: Seminars in Immunology is a specialized review journal that serves as a valuable resource for scientists in the field of immunology. The journal's approach is thematic, with each issue dedicated to a specific topic of significant interest to immunologists. It covers a wide range of research areas, from the molecular and cellular foundations of the immune response to the potential for its manipulation, highlighting recent advancements in these areas. Each thematic issue is curated by a guest editor, who is recognized as an expert in the field internationally. The content of each issue typically includes six to eight authoritative invited reviews, which delve into various aspects of the chosen topic. The goal of these reviews is to provide a comprehensive, coherent, and engaging overview of the subject matter, ensuring that the information is presented in a timely manner to maintain its relevance. The journal's commitment to quality and timeliness is further supported by its inclusion in the Scopus database, which is a leading abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature. Being indexed in Scopus helps to ensure that the journal's content is accessible to a broad audience of researchers and professionals in immunology and related fields.
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