将机器学习应用于国际药物监测:利用大麻素浓度对欧洲收集的大麻树脂进行分类。

IF 3.5 3区 医学 Q1 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY
Tom P Freeman, Edward Beeching, Sam Craft, Marta Di Forti, Giampietro Frison, Christian Lindholst, Pieter E Oomen, David Potter, Sander Rigter, Kristine Rømer Thomsen, Luca Zamengo, Andrew Cunningham, Teodora Groshkova, Roumen Sedefov
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在欧洲,过去十年来大麻树脂(又称哈希大麻)中的 ∆9- 四氢大麻酚 (THC) 浓度显著上升,可能会增加精神疾病的风险。目前的国际药物监测方法无法区分不同类型的大麻树脂,而不同类型的大麻树脂中的四氢大麻酚和大麻二酚(CBD)含量可能会对健康产生不同的影响。在此,我们比较了在欧洲收集的不同类型大麻树脂(摩洛哥型或荷兰型)中四氢大麻酚和大麻二酚的浓度。然后,我们利用日常收集的四氢大麻酚和大麻二酚监测数据,测试了机器学习算法对大麻树脂类型(摩洛哥型或荷兰型)进行分类的能力。最后,我们将最优算法应用于在大麻树脂类型未知的国家(英国和丹麦)采集的新样本。结果表明,总体而言,荷兰型样本比摩洛哥型样本的四氢大麻酚更高(海吉斯克 = 2.39),而 CBD 更低(海吉斯克 = 0.81)。支持向量机算法的分类准确率超过 95%,而且这一估计值变化很小,具有良好的可解释性和可信性。它对在英国(94% 为摩洛哥型;6% 为荷兰型)和丹麦(36% 为摩洛哥型;64% 为荷兰型)采集的大麻树脂类型做出了截然不同的预测。总之,我们为机器学习为国际药物监测提供信息的潜力提供了概念证明。我们的研究结果不应被解释为客观的确证证据,但表明荷兰型大麻树脂的四氢大麻酚浓度高于摩洛哥型大麻树脂,这可能会导致欧洲毒品市场和大麻使用者健康结果的差异。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Applying machine learning to international drug monitoring: classifying cannabis resin collected in Europe using cannabinoid concentrations.

Applying machine learning to international drug monitoring: classifying cannabis resin collected in Europe using cannabinoid concentrations.

In Europe, concentrations of ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in cannabis resin (also known as hash) have risen markedly in the past decade, potentially increasing risks of mental health disorders. Current approaches to international drug monitoring cannot distinguish between different types of cannabis resin which may have contrasting health effects due to THC and cannabidiol (CBD) content. Here, we compared concentrations of THC and CBD in different types of cannabis resin collected in Europe (either Moroccan-type, or Dutch-type). We then tested the ability of machine learning algorithms to classify the type of cannabis resin (either Moroccan-type, or Dutch-type) using routinely collected monitoring data on THC and CBD. Finally, we applied the optimal algorithm to new samples collected in countries where the type of cannabis resin was unknown, the UK and Denmark. Results showed that overall, Dutch-type samples had higher THC (Hedges' g = 2.39) and lower CBD (Hedges' g = 0.81) than Moroccan-type samples. A Support Vector Machine algorithm achieved classification accuracy exceeding 95%, with little variation in this estimate, good interpretability, and plausibility. It made contrasting predictions about the type of cannabis resin collected in the UK (94% Moroccan-type; 6% Dutch-type) and Denmark (36% Moroccan-type; 64% Dutch-type). In conclusion, we provide proof-of-concept evidence for the potential of machine learning to inform international drug monitoring. Our findings should not be interpreted as objective confirmatory evidence but suggest that Dutch-type cannabis resin has higher THC concentrations than Moroccan-type cannabis resin, which may contribute to variation in drug markets and health outcomes for people who use cannabis in Europe.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
8.80
自引率
4.30%
发文量
154
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: The original papers published in the European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience deal with all aspects of psychiatry and related clinical neuroscience. Clinical psychiatry, psychopathology, epidemiology as well as brain imaging, neuropathological, neurophysiological, neurochemical and moleculargenetic studies of psychiatric disorders are among the topics covered. Thus both the clinician and the neuroscientist are provided with a handy source of information on important scientific developments.
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