合成大麻:评估青少年毒品使用者的使用情况、动机和相关风险。

Substance use : research and treatment Pub Date : 2024-05-17 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.1177/29768357241254258
Raman Baweja, Sara Mills-Huffnagle, Amanda Jernigan, Nungshitombi Chongtham, Daniel Waschbusch, James G Waxmonsky
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目标:青少年使用合成和特制产品,包括合成大麻(SM),对公众健康构成了重大威胁。人们对青少年使用合成药物的动机知之甚少。本研究考察了青少年使用合成大麻的动机、预测因素、感知风险和益处,以及合成大麻与天然大麻的差异:2016年4月至2018年5月期间,接受当地咨询中心药物使用治疗的青少年方便抽样完成了一项匿名调查,以评估天然大麻和合成大麻的使用情况;完成了 "优势与困难问卷 "以评估当前精神症状的程度;完成了 "精神体验社区评估-阳性量表 "以评估精神病症状:共有 80 名青少年(年龄在 14-18 岁之间;71% 为男性;53% 为白种人)完成了研究。其中 39 人(49%)报告使用天然大麻(天然大麻使用者),41 人(51%)报告同时使用合成大麻和天然大麻(双重使用者)。据报告,使用 SM 的最常见原因是其成本低和降低了被发现的风险。熟悉 SM 并表示希望避免在毒品检测中被发现的参与者更有可能使用 SM(所有 P P ⩽.05)。与天然大麻使用者相比,使用合成大麻也增加了天然大麻的医疗风险感知,包括癫痫发作和呼吸系统问题(P P = .009)以及外化问题(P = .024),但精神病症状没有群体差异,合成大麻或天然大麻的使用频率与精神病症状也没有相关性,只有迫害意念与过去 12 个月天然大麻的使用频率相关(rp = 0.28,P = .04):这些结果表明,尽管青少年知道使用天然大麻的风险,但他们使用天然大麻的常见原因是关于节省成本的报告以及在尿液药物筛查中未被发现。使用合成药物和其他新型物质的好处似乎多种多样,值得进一步探讨,因为更好地了解促使青少年使用特定新型物质的原因可以指导预防和治疗工作。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Synthetic Marijuana: Assessment of Usage, Motivation and Associated Risks in Adolescent Substance Users.

Objectives: Use of Synthetic and designer products, including synthetic marijuana (SM), among adolescents poses a major risk to public health. Little is known about the motivating factors of synthetic substance use in adolescents. This study examined the motivations, predictors, perceived risks and benefits, and differences with SM versus natural marijuana among adolescents.

Methods: Between April 2016 and May 2018, a convenience sample of adolescents receiving substance use treatment from a local counseling center completed an anonymous survey to assess the use of natural and synthetic marijuana use, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire to assess levels of current psychiatric symptoms and the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences-Positive Scale to assess symptoms of psychosis.

Results: A total of 80 adolescents (age range of 14-18 years; 71% male; 53% Caucasian) completed the study. Of these, 39 (49%) reported natural marijuana use (natural marijuana users) and 41 (51%) reported both synthetic and natural marijuana use (dual users). The most commonly reported reasons for using SM were its low cost and reduced risk of detection. Participants who were familiar with SM and reported a desire to avoid detection on drug tests were likelier to use SM (all P < .05). Dual users reported more benefits and risks associated with SM use when compared to natural marijuana users (P ⩽ .05). The use of SM also heightened the perceived medical risks of natural marijuana, including seizures and respiratory issues (P < .05), compared with natural marijuana users. While dual users self-reported more conduct (P = .009) and externalizing problems (P = .024) when compared to natural marijuana users, there were no group differences in psychotic symptoms, nor correlations with the frequency of synthetic or natural marijuana use and psychotic symptoms except that persecutory ideation correlated with the frequency of natural marijuana use during the past 12 months (rp = 0.28, P = .04).

Conclusions: These results suggest that reports of cost savings, and lack of detection on urine drug screens are common reasons for SM use in adolescents despite being aware of the risks of using SM. Perceived benefits of using synthetics and other novel substances appear diverse, and merit further exploration as a better understanding of what motivates adolescents to use specific novel substances may guide prevention and treatment efforts.

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