COVID-19 大流行期间社区老年人焦虑和抑郁的纵向变化及其改善生活方式的因素

Jumpei Maruta , Hideo Kurozumi , Kentaro Uchida , Satoshi Akada , Koki Inoue
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摘要

背景COVID-19大流行影响了社区老年人的生活方式和心理健康。体育锻炼和社会交往是健康的生活方式,可以减轻社区老年人的心理压力,但其效果可能因性别而异。然而,目前还不清楚在 COVID-19 的早期阶段,为控制感染而限制社会交往的措施实施后,居住在社区的老年人的焦虑和抑郁情况会发生怎样的变化,以及哪些生活方式因素有助于改善不同性别老年人的心理困扰。基线问卷调查于 2021 年 1 月至 4 月进行。基线调查结束三个月后进行了后续调查。我们使用凯斯勒心理压力量表-6(K6)收集了参与者的焦虑和抑郁症状数据,以及可能影响焦虑和抑郁症状的生活方式因素的数据。K6 分数没有显示出显著差异,而与邻居、家人和朋友的社交互动频率在两次调查之间有明显增加。在女性参与者中,更频繁的中等强度运动和家庭互动与 K6 分数的提高有关。结论当社区居住的老年人因感染控制而限制社交互动时,随着时间的推移,社交互动会逐渐恢复,但焦虑和抑郁症状会持续存在。对于女性而言,经常进行中等强度的锻炼等生活方式因素可能有助于减轻持续存在的焦虑和抑郁。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Longitudinal changes in anxiety and depression and their ameliorating lifestyle factors among community-dwelling older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the lifestyle and mental health of community-dwelling older adults. Physical activity and social interaction are healthy lifestyle factors that can reduce psychological distress among community-dwelling older adults, although their effect may vary by sex. However, it is unclear how the anxiety and depression of older adults living in the community changed when measures were implemented to limit social interactions to control infection, as in the early stages of COVID-19, and what lifestyle factors helped ameliorate psychological distress in each sex.

Methods

This study included 550 participants aged 65 and older, who visited a drug store in Daito, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. Baseline questionnaire surveys were conducted from January to April 2021. Follow-up surveys were conducted three months after the baseline survey. We collected data on participants’ anxiety and depression symptoms using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale-6 (K6), as well as on their lifestyle factors that may have affected anxiety and depression symptoms.

Results

A total of 520 participants completed the baseline and follow-up surveys. K6 scores did not show a significant difference, while the frequency of social interactions with neighbors, family, and friends increased significantly between the two surveys. Among women participants, more frequent moderate-intensity exercise and family interactions were associated with improved K6 scores.

Conclusions

When social interactions are restricted for infection control in community-dwelling older adults who are independent in activities of daily living including the ability to go out, social interactions recover over time, but anxiety and depressive symptoms persist. In women, lifestyle factors such as frequent moderate-intensity exercise may help reduce persisted anxiety and depression.

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