Developing a roadmap for implementing digital transformation to improve the resilience of port operations

The aim of this study is to create a comprehensive guide for achieving operational resilience in port operations through digital transformation. Port activities face significant challenges on a global scale, stemming from the complexity of operations and the occurrence of undesirable events that can disrupt the continuity of operations. To understand the current practices of digital transformation for operational resilience, this study draws upon systems theory, resource-based theory, and dynamic capabilities theory as foundational frameworks. The "fit-for-purpose" methodology is employed to adapt the method (cross-referencing) and the approach (metanarrative) in order to align with the research objective. The findings reveal that a roadmap for digital transformation, with a focus on resilience, consists of three key narratives: (1) evaluation and planning, which involves identifying goals, strategies, acquiring resources, and establishing governance; (2) implementation, which includes testing and integrating new technologies, as well as training employees; and (3) monitoring and evaluation, which entails tracking and assessing progress, and making necessary adjustments. Furthermore, the effectiveness of these steps is contingent upon gradually scaling projects, prioritizing critical challenges, and obtaining support from stakeholders.