与眨眼相关的唤醒网络激增是由大脑皮层的警觉状态决定的

Ş. Demiral, Christina Lildharrie, Esther Lin, Helene Benveniste, Nora Volkow
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要 警惕状态和皮层网络的兴奋性对大脑动态产生了广泛的影响,而唤醒可迅速改变这些影响。我们以前曾报道过基于 3T 磁共振静态脑图像的自发性眨眼与大脑唤醒上升网络(AAN)和丘脑核的 BOLD 激活之间的关联。在这里,我们的目的是使用 7T 磁共振图像在人类连接组计划(HCP)中收集的更大规模的参与者队列中重复我们的分析,其中也包含同步眼动跟踪记录,并评估眨眼相关的唤醒激增与警觉状态之间的相互作用。为此,我们比较了警觉状态和昏睡状态下与眨眼相关的 BOLD 活动。我们进行了两项主要分析:i) BOLD 信号与眨眼事件之间的交叉相关性分析(眨眼时间序列与血液动力学响应函数(HRF)的典型值和时间导数进行了卷积)、ii) 对 BOLD 信号进行眨眼事件分析,以揭示预选 ROI 中眨眼时的信号变化。与我们之前在 3T 磁共振成像上的研究结果一致,我们发现在眨眼之前或与眨眼时刻重叠的脑干和丘脑核团的 BOLD 峰值与眨眼后急剧下降的 BOLD 峰值之间存在显著的正交叉相关性。全脑分析显示,与眨眼相关的激活在小脑、岛叶、外侧膝状核(LGN)和视觉皮层最强。嗜睡会影响 HRF BOLD(增强)、峰值时间(延迟)和眨眼后 BOLD 活动(加剧下降)。嗜睡状态下的反应可能与皮层、皮层下和小脑组织的兴奋性差异有关,例如,参与视觉注意力处理的小脑和丘脑区域对警觉状态的反应较高,但AAN ROI以及与前运动区、额叶、颞叶和DMN区域相连的小脑和丘脑ROI的反应较低。与眨眼相关的BOLD信号变化在质和量上的这种差异可能反映了大脑皮层处理的延迟以及嗜睡状态下唤醒激增的无效性。未来的研究需要操纵唤醒状态,以证实唤醒激增与警觉状态和大脑皮层兴奋性之间的机理相互作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Blink-related arousal network surges are shaped by cortical vigilance states
Abstract The vigilance state and the excitability of cortical networks impose wide-range effects on brain dynamics that arousal surges could promptly modify. We previously reported an association between spontaneous eye-blinks and BOLD activation in the brain arousal ascending network (AAN) and in thalamic nuclei based on 3T MR resting state brain images. Here we aimed to replicate our analyses using 7T MR images in a larger cohort of participants collected from the Human Connectome Project (HCP), which also contained simultaneous eye-tracking recordings, and to assess the interaction between the blink-associated arousal surges and the vigilance states. For this purpose, we compared blink associated BOLD activity under a vigilant versus a drowsy state, a classification made based on the pupillary data obtained during the fMRI scans. We conducted two main analyses: i) Cross-correlation analysis between the BOLD signal and blink events (eye blink time-series were convolved with the canonical and also with the temporal derivative of the Hemodynamic Response Function, HRF) within preselected regions of interests (ROIs) (i.e., brainstem AAN, thalamic and cerebellar nuclei) together with an exploratory voxel-wise analyses to assess the whole-brain, and ii) blink-event analysis of the BOLD signals to reveal the signal changes onset to the blinks in the preselected ROIs. Consistent with our prior findings on 3T MRI, we showed significant positive cross correlations between BOLD peaks in brainstem and thalamic nuclei that preceded or were overlapping with blink moments and that sharply decreased post-blink. Whole brain analysis revealed blink-related activation that was strongest in cerebellum, insula, lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and visual cortex. Drowsiness impacted HRF BOLD (enhancing it), time-to-peak (delaying it) and post-blink BOLD activity (accentuating decreases). Responses in the drowsy state could be related to the differences in the excitability of cortical, subcortical and cerebellar tissue, such that cerebellar and thalamic regions involved in visual attention processing were more responsive for the vigilant state, but AAN ROIs, as well as cerebellar and thalamic ROIs connected to pre-motor, frontal, temporal and DMN regions were less responsive. Such qualitative and quantitative differences in the blink related BOLD signal changes could reflect delayed cortical processing and the ineffectiveness of arousal surges during states of drowsiness. Future studies that manipulate arousal are needed to corroborate a mechanistic interaction of arousal surges with vigilance states and cortical excitability.
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