紧张性精神障碍的前 150 年:回顾复杂历史,展望未来之路

IF 4.3 3区 材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC
L. Csihi, Gabor S. Ungvari, Stanley N Caroff, G. Gazdag
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引用次数: 0

摘要

卡尔-路德维希-卡尔鲍姆(Karl Ludwig Kahlbaum,1828-1899 年)在 150 年前出版的开创性专著中,首次将一种新型精神病的主要临床特征概念化并加以描述,并将其称为紧张性精神障碍。尽管克拉鲍姆将紧张症假定为一种独立的疾病实体,其特点是精神运动症状和周期性病程,但仔细研究他的 26 个病例就会发现,其中大多数人都表现为与各种精神病和内科疾病相关的运动症状复合体或综合征。在他的分类系统中,克拉佩林将与精神症状同时出现且预后通常较差的紧张性运动症状归类为前驱痴呆(精神分裂症)疾病实体。由于克拉佩林分类法的重大影响,在 20 世纪的大部分时间里,紧张症主要被视为精神分裂症的一个组成部分。然而,随着 20 世纪 50 年代初精神药物疗法时代的到来,临床实践和研究领域对紧张症的兴趣逐渐减弱,直到 21 世纪初才有所恢复。在过去的二十年里,人们对紧张症的兴趣再次升温。精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第五版承认紧张症可继发于各种精神和医疗状况,标志着模式的转变。引入 "未另作说明的紧张症 "这一独立诊断类别极大地促进了这一领域的研究。作者简要回顾了近期紧张症研究的历史和发现,并强调了未来探索的方向。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
First 150 years of catatonia: Looking back at its complicated history and forward to the road ahead
Karl Ludwig Kahlbaum (1828-1899) was the first to conceptualize and describe the main clinical features of a novel psychiatric illness, which he termed catatonia in his groundbreaking monograph published 150 years ago. Although Kahlbaum postulated catatonia as a separate disease entity characterized by psychomotor symptoms and a cyclical course, a close examination of his 26 cases reveals that most of them presented with motor symptom complexes or syndromes associated with various psychiatric and medical conditions. In his classification system, Kraepelin categorized catatonic motor symptoms that occur in combination with psychotic symptoms and typically have a poor prognosis within his dementia praecox (schizophrenia) disease entity. Because of the substantial influence of Kraepelin’s classification, catatonia was predominantly perceived as a component of schizophrenia for most of the 20th century. However, with the advent of the psychopharmacotherapy era starting from the early 1950s, interest in catatonia in both clinical practice and research subsided until the early 2000s. The past two decades have witnessed a resurgence of interest in catatonia. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition, marked a paradigmatic shift by acknowledging that catatonia can occur secondary to various psychiatric and medical conditions. The introduction of an independent diagnostic category termed “Catatonia Not Otherwise Specified” significantly stimulated research in this field. The authors briefly review the history and findings of recent catatonia research and highlight promising directions for future exploration.
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CiteScore
7.20
自引率
4.30%
发文量
567
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