大麻与癌症:揭示绿色盟友在乳腺癌、结直肠癌和前列腺癌中的潜力。

IF 4.1 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY
Husam A ALSalamat, Sara Feras Abuarab, Hazem Mohamed Salamah, Anas Hasan Ishqair, Mohammad Fuad Dwikat, Anas Zakarya Nourelden, Aseel N Qandil, Yasmeen Barakat, Muna Barakat
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引用次数: 0

摘要

癌症在全球死因排行榜上位居第二。2018 年,乳腺癌(BC)、前列腺癌(PC)和结直肠癌(CRC)的 5 年患病率分别为 30%、12.3% 和 10.9%。大麻素是从大麻植物中提取的化学物质;研究最多的大麻素是大麻酚、δ9-四氢大麻酚(Δ9-THC)和大麻二酚。在人体中,内源性内大麻素系统由内源性内大麻素、大麻素受体(CBs)和降解内源性内大麻素的酶组成。在这篇综述中,我们将回顾最新的文献,寻找讨论大麻在治疗上述三种肿瘤中作用的证据。研究证明 BC 细胞表达 CB 受体;许多体内研究表明,大麻素会导致细胞凋亡并抑制细胞增殖和迁移。研究人员还发现,用四氢大麻酚和 JWH-133(CB2 受体激动剂)治疗 BC 小鼠可减缓肿瘤生长。关于 CRC,研究人员发现大麻二酚能降低对化疗有抗药性的 CRC 细胞的活力,并通过拮抗转移所需的 G 蛋白偶联受体 55(GPR55,一种新型大麻素受体)来抑制转移。此外,大麻二酚除了具有抗炎作用外,还能通过减少血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达来抗血管生成。最后,研究表明 PC 细胞高度表达 CB1 和 CB2 受体,大麻素能够抑制与癌症进展有关的外泌体和微囊的释放。大麻素还对 PC 细胞具有抗增殖、抗侵袭、抗纤维化、细胞周期停滞和促凋亡作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Cannabis and cancer: unveiling the potential of a green ally in breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer.

Cancer comes in second place on the list of causes of death worldwide. In 2018, the 5-year prevalence of breast cancer (BC), prostate cancer (PC), and colorectal cancer (CRC) were 30%, 12.3%, and 10.9%, respectively. Cannabinoids are chemicals derived from the Cannabis sativa plant; the most investigated cannabinoids are cannabinol, delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), and cannabidiol. In humans, the endogenous endocannabinoid system consists of endocannabinoids, cannabinoids receptors (CBs), and enzymes that degrade the endocannabinoids. In this review, we will review the most recent literature for evidence that discusses the role of cannabis in the treatment of the three types of neoplasms mentioned. Studies have proved that BC cells express CB receptors; many in-vivo studies showed that cannabinoids cause apoptosis and inhibit proliferation and migration. Also, researchers found that treating BC mice with THC and JWH-133 (CB2 receptor agonist) slowed the tumor growth. Regarding CRC, cannabidiol was found to decrease the viability of chemotherapy-resistant CRC cells and inhibit metastasis by antagonizing the G-protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55; a novel cannabinoid receptor) necessary for metastasis. Moreover, cannabidiol had anti-angiogenetic effects by reducing the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in addition to anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, studies demonstrated that PC cells highly express CB1 and CB2 receptors and that cannabinoids are capable of inhibiting the release of exosomes and microvesicles related to cancer progression. Cannabinoids also have antiproliferative, anti-invasive, anti-fibroblastic, cell cycle arrest, and proapoptotic effects on PC cells.

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