N-acetylcysteine microparticles reduce cisplatin-induced RSC96 Schwann cell toxicity

Objectives

Cisplatin is known to cause inner ear dysfunction. There is growing evidence that cisplatin-induced demyelination of spiral or Scarpa's ganglion neurons may play an additional role in drug-induced ototoxicity alongside afferent neuron injury. As Schwann cells produce myelin, there may be an opportunity to reduce ototoxic inner ear damage by promoting Schwann cell viability. This work describes a cellular model of cisplatin-induced Schwann cell injury and investigates the ability of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine to promote Schwann cell viability. A local delivery system of drug-eluting microparticles was then fabricated, characterized, and investigated for bioactivity.

Methods

RSC96 rat Schwann cells were dosed with varying concentrations of cisplatin to obtain a dose curve and identify the lethal concentration of 50% of the cells (LC₅₀). In subsequent experiments, RSC96 cells were co-treated with cisplatin and both resuspended or eluted N-acetylcysteine. Cell viability was assessed with the CCK8 assay.

Results

The LC₅₀ dose of cisplatin was determined to be 3.76 μM (p = 2.2 x 10⁻¹⁶). When co-dosed with cisplatin and a therapeutic concentration of resuspended or eluted N-acetylcysteine, Schwann cells had an increased viability compared to cells dosed with cisplatin alone.

Conclusion

RSC96 Schwann cell injury following cisplatin insult is characterized in this in vitro model. Cisplatin caused injury at physiologic concentrations and N-acetylcysteine improved cell viability and mitigated this injury. N-acetylcysteine was packaged into microparticles and eluted N-acetylcysteine retained its ability to increase cell viability, thus demonstrating promise as a therapeutic to offset cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.

Level of Evidence

N/A Laryngoscope, 2023.