Oluwasayo E. Ogunjinmi , Peter I. Adegbola , Ibiyemi A. Ajayi , Emmanuel L. Orike
{"title":"改良超高效液相色谱-TOF-质谱法分析柑橘果皮和茎提取物的化学成分及其抗病原体、抗氧化和抗菌活性","authors":"Oluwasayo E. Ogunjinmi , Peter I. Adegbola , Ibiyemi A. Ajayi , Emmanuel L. Orike","doi":"10.1016/j.prenap.2024.100051","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Citrus jambhiri</em> (Lush) and <em>paradisi</em> (Macf.) have wide usage as food spices. Therefore, the presence of profiled phytochemicals, the antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-plasmodial activities of the stem and fruit-peel extracts were studied. The citrus stem and fruit-peel extracts were analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-qTOF/MS) and anti-plasmodial activities against chloroquine-sensitive (CQS) strain of <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em>, antimicrobial against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains as well as antioxidant potentials were determined in triplicate. Metabolite fingerprinting of <em>C. jambhiri</em> stem and <em>C. paradisi</em> fruit-peel extracts revealed rutamarin and spicatin respectively. The stem and fruit-peel of <em>C. jambhiri</em> showed moderate antimalarial activity. <em>C. paradisi</em> stem revealed a weak activity; however, <em>C. paradisi</em> fruit-peel showed no antimalarial activity (IC<sub>50</sub> >100 μg/mL). <em>C. paradisi</em> and <em>C. jambhiri</em> extracts exhibited lower inhibition concentration (IC<sub>50</sub>: 3.0–7.0 µgmL<sup>−1</sup>), than ascorbic acid (IC<sub>50</sub>: 9.0 µgmL<sup>−1</sup>). <em>C. paradisi</em> stem DCM/methanol extract showed a reducing value of EC<sub>50</sub>: 8.00 µgmL<sup>−1</sup> whereas reference compound used, (ascorbic acid) had EC<sub>50</sub>: 11.00 µgmL<sup>−1</sup>. Furthermore, <em>C. jambhiri</em> stem extract showed the best antimicrobial activity against the clinical isolates with high inhibition zones <strong>≥</strong> 15 mm<strong>.</strong> There is a paucity of information on the identification and importance of rutamarin and spicatin from <em>Citrus</em> extracts as a functional food ingredient with a promising compound implicated in the development of antimalarial drugs. Overall result however showed that the two citrus plants contain antioxidant constituents whereas <em>C. jambhiri</em> could be important source of antimicrobial agents. The study profiled two new compounds from the citrus extract and showed the potentials of the plant as source of antimalaria drug.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101014,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Natural Products","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100051"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Chemical profiling of citrus fruit-peel and stem extracts by modified UHPLC-TOF-MS and their antiplasmodial, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities\",\"authors\":\"Oluwasayo E. Ogunjinmi , Peter I. Adegbola , Ibiyemi A. Ajayi , Emmanuel L. Orike\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.prenap.2024.100051\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p><em>Citrus jambhiri</em> (Lush) and <em>paradisi</em> (Macf.) have wide usage as food spices. Therefore, the presence of profiled phytochemicals, the antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-plasmodial activities of the stem and fruit-peel extracts were studied. The citrus stem and fruit-peel extracts were analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-qTOF/MS) and anti-plasmodial activities against chloroquine-sensitive (CQS) strain of <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em>, antimicrobial against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains as well as antioxidant potentials were determined in triplicate. Metabolite fingerprinting of <em>C. jambhiri</em> stem and <em>C. paradisi</em> fruit-peel extracts revealed rutamarin and spicatin respectively. The stem and fruit-peel of <em>C. jambhiri</em> showed moderate antimalarial activity. <em>C. paradisi</em> stem revealed a weak activity; however, <em>C. paradisi</em> fruit-peel showed no antimalarial activity (IC<sub>50</sub> >100 μg/mL). <em>C. paradisi</em> and <em>C. jambhiri</em> extracts exhibited lower inhibition concentration (IC<sub>50</sub>: 3.0–7.0 µgmL<sup>−1</sup>), than ascorbic acid (IC<sub>50</sub>: 9.0 µgmL<sup>−1</sup>). <em>C. paradisi</em> stem DCM/methanol extract showed a reducing value of EC<sub>50</sub>: 8.00 µgmL<sup>−1</sup> whereas reference compound used, (ascorbic acid) had EC<sub>50</sub>: 11.00 µgmL<sup>−1</sup>. Furthermore, <em>C. jambhiri</em> stem extract showed the best antimicrobial activity against the clinical isolates with high inhibition zones <strong>≥</strong> 15 mm<strong>.</strong> There is a paucity of information on the identification and importance of rutamarin and spicatin from <em>Citrus</em> extracts as a functional food ingredient with a promising compound implicated in the development of antimalarial drugs. Overall result however showed that the two citrus plants contain antioxidant constituents whereas <em>C. jambhiri</em> could be important source of antimicrobial agents. The study profiled two new compounds from the citrus extract and showed the potentials of the plant as source of antimalaria drug.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":101014,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Pharmacological Research - Natural Products\",\"volume\":\"3 \",\"pages\":\"Article 100051\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-05-05\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Pharmacological Research - Natural Products\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950199724000399\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Pharmacological Research - Natural Products","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950199724000399","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
柑橘（卢什子）和西洋桔（苹果）被广泛用作食品香料。因此，我们研究了柑橘茎和果皮提取物中的植物化学物质概况、抗氧化、抗菌和抗浆细胞活性。采用超高效液相色谱四极杆飞行时间串联质谱（UPLC-qTOF/MS）对柑橘茎和果皮提取物进行了分析，并测定了其对氯喹敏感（CQS）恶性疟原虫菌株的抗疟活性、对革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌菌株的抗菌活性以及抗氧化潜能。对 C. jambhiri 的茎和 C. paradisi 的果皮提取物进行的代谢物指纹图谱分析分别发现了芸香甙和辣甙。C. jambhiri 的茎和果皮显示出中等程度的抗疟活性。茎具有较弱的抗疟活性，但果皮没有抗疟活性（IC50 >100微克/毫升）。与抗坏血酸（IC50：9.0 µgmL-1）相比，C. paradisi 和 C. jambhiri 提取物显示出较低的抑制浓度（IC50：3.0-7.0 µgmL-1）。C. paradisi 茎二氯甲烷/甲醇提取物的还原值为 EC50：8.00 µgmL-1，而参考化合物（抗坏血酸）的 EC50 为 11.00 µgmL-1。此外，C. jambhiri 茎提取物对临床分离菌显示出最佳抗菌活性，抑菌区高达 ≥ 15 毫米。从柑橘萃取物中鉴定钌肽和辣肽并将其作为功能性食品配料的信息很少，而这两种化合物有望用于抗疟疾药物的开发。不过，总体结果表明，这两种柑橘植物含有抗氧化成分，而 C. jambhiri 可能是抗菌剂的重要来源。该研究从柑橘提取物中发现了两种新化合物，并显示了该植物作为抗疟疾药物来源的潜力。
Chemical profiling of citrus fruit-peel and stem extracts by modified UHPLC-TOF-MS and their antiplasmodial, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities
Citrus jambhiri (Lush) and paradisi (Macf.) have wide usage as food spices. Therefore, the presence of profiled phytochemicals, the antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-plasmodial activities of the stem and fruit-peel extracts were studied. The citrus stem and fruit-peel extracts were analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-qTOF/MS) and anti-plasmodial activities against chloroquine-sensitive (CQS) strain of Plasmodium falciparum, antimicrobial against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains as well as antioxidant potentials were determined in triplicate. Metabolite fingerprinting of C. jambhiri stem and C. paradisi fruit-peel extracts revealed rutamarin and spicatin respectively. The stem and fruit-peel of C. jambhiri showed moderate antimalarial activity. C. paradisi stem revealed a weak activity; however, C. paradisi fruit-peel showed no antimalarial activity (IC50 >100 μg/mL). C. paradisi and C. jambhiri extracts exhibited lower inhibition concentration (IC50: 3.0–7.0 µgmL−1), than ascorbic acid (IC50: 9.0 µgmL−1). C. paradisi stem DCM/methanol extract showed a reducing value of EC50: 8.00 µgmL−1 whereas reference compound used, (ascorbic acid) had EC50: 11.00 µgmL−1. Furthermore, C. jambhiri stem extract showed the best antimicrobial activity against the clinical isolates with high inhibition zones ≥ 15 mm. There is a paucity of information on the identification and importance of rutamarin and spicatin from Citrus extracts as a functional food ingredient with a promising compound implicated in the development of antimalarial drugs. Overall result however showed that the two citrus plants contain antioxidant constituents whereas C. jambhiri could be important source of antimicrobial agents. The study profiled two new compounds from the citrus extract and showed the potentials of the plant as source of antimalaria drug.
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