Optimal design of mixed dielectric coaxial-annular TSV using GWO algorithm based on artificial neural network

The single-objective and single-parameter optimization method is commonly used in the structure optimization of TSV to improve the transmission characteristics, for which a structure design scheme that simultaneously satisfies multiple target requirements is difficult to obtain. Moreover, the method cannot simultaneously optimize different design parameters. Aiming at the above problems, a global optimization method based on the grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm and artificial neural network (ANN) model is proposed. With the presented mixed dielectric coaxial-annular TSV model, firstly six key design parameters A-F are selected as optimization variables by the control variable method. The L₂₅(5⁶) orthogonal experiment is designed for Taguchi analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Then, three prediction models, ANN, support vector machine (SVM), and extreme learning machine (ELM), are developed with the extended orthogonal data as the training sets. It is found that the ANN model performed best. To search for the global optimal solution, the genetic algorithm (GA) and GWO algorithm, combined with the ANN model are applied, respectively. The results show that the GWO algorithm is more successful in solving the problem of falling into the local optimum than GA, and the convergence speed is faster and more stable. After GWO-ANN optimization, the performance of each S-parameter index is greatly improved, S₁₁ reduces by 14.05 dB, S₂₁ increases by 0.33 dB, and S₃₁ reduces by 12.50 dB at 30 GHz.