Nanocellulose/zero, one- and two-dimensional inorganic additive based electrodes for advanced supercapacitors

Nowadays, the growing threat of environmental pollution and the energy crisis have accelerated the advancement of sustainable energy sources and highly efficient energy storage technologies. Supercapacitors' outstanding efficiency and accessibility have attracted much interest in portable electronics. However, compared to other energy storage devices, commercially available supercapacitors offer minimal advantages, and it is also very difficult to balance their electrochemical performance, such as cyclability, energy density, and capacitance. Fabricating high-performance supercapacitors with attractive electrical parameters and flexibility depends on the composition of the electrodes.

Nanocellulose, which is derived from waste biomass because of its high mechanical strength, strong chemical reactivity, and biodegradability, has been used to integrate 2D, 1D, and zero-dimensional inorganic additive materials to develop a promising material for supercapacitor electrodes. The present review summarises recent advancements in the progress of nanocellulose/2D-, 1D-, and zero-dimensional inorganic material-based composite electrodes for their application in supercapacitors. Different strategies for developing nanocellulose/inorganic additive-based composite electrodes are reviewed, and subsequently, the potential of nanocellulose/multidimensional inorganic additive-based electrodes in supercapacitors is fully elaborated. In the end, current challenges and future directions for the development finally, current challenges and future directions for developing nano cellulose-based nanocomposite electrodes in supercapacitors were also discussed.