Chronology by luminescence and radiocarbon on core sediments from the northeastern pearl river plain and implications for delta process

Accurate dating is the basis for deciphering eustatic and climatic changes on deltaic sedimentary processes. In the Pearl River Delta (PRD) plain of south China, scarce robust chronology hinders the detailed interpretation of sedimentary history. In this study, quartz optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) (21 samples), feldspar post-IR IRSL (pIRIR) (4 samples) and radiocarbon (¹⁴C) (2 samples) dating were applied to obtain detailed chronological framework of core SXG06 (23-m long to bedrock) from the northeastern PRD. SXG06 consists an upper marine unit (M1) and a lower marine unit (M2), separated by a terrestrial unit (mottled clay, T1). For M1, quartz OSL and ¹⁴C samples yielded ages from 5.2 ± 0.3 to 0.32 ± 0.02 ka. The sample on top of T1 produced a quartz OSL age of 35 ± 2 ka. For other 12 samples in T1 and M2, quartz OSL signals reached saturation and generated minimum ages (>51 ka). For these the saturated quartz OSL samples, feldspar pIR₅₀IR₂₅₀ provides an age range of 123 ± 7–105 ± 7 ka. The compilation of all the above ages and previous sedimentology data reveals that: (1) M2 was formed during marine transgression of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5; (2) A hiatus with an age gap of between ∼35 ka and ∼5 ka was observed, which might be due to the low sea level and resultant weathering scouring; (3) Initial M1 deposits from the northeastern PRD postdated the central and southern PRD by ∼3 ka, indicating delayed delta development in the northeastern PRD during the Holocene. (4) SXG06 experienced slow deposition 0.3 m/ka in ∼5–3 ka because of the coevally decreased sediment supply, followed by accelerated deposition rate of 3 m/ka after ∼3 ka associated with strengthen human activity.